Reading Choosing Civility For English 102 And Most Useful...

Prompt 1: To date, what has been your favorite and/or most useful assignment or activity and why? I find that the short writes number nine and ten were my favorite and most useful assignments given. They allowed me to write about myself and what I was doing. Since we had to test the rules stated in Choosing Civility, it allowed me to experience what I was writing about. I enjoyed testing several of the rules because of how complicated some can be to test. It helped me learn that by following some of the rules civility is possible. This was an assignment that did not involve research and more hands on experiences, which I find more enjoyable. Prompt 2: In what way(s) has 102 changed your way of thinking? Reading Choosing Civility in English 102 changed my way of thinking completely. The assignments helped me expand my research and analysis skills. Also, just reading the book opened me up to civility in general. The short write assignments for this book also expanded my understanding of civility. I have found myself being more civil ever since I read the book. Prompt 3: Reflect on the annotated bibliography experience. How did it help you in writing or preparing to write your position paper? Unlike many students, I did not mind doing the annotated bibliography. I found that it took a long time to complete. It was a challenge to find scholarly articles and use the databases. Even though it was time consuming and a challenge if found it beneficial. It was my firstShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages4 9.2 Building the team (.1.3) [3.5.3] [App G.2 Building teams] 9.4 Managing the team 9.3.2 Team building activities 9.2.4 Virtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards Defining the Project 4.1 Project charter 5.1 Gather requirements 5.2 Defining scope 5.3 Creating a WBS 5.4 Tools and techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPreface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There AreRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoff extended the retreat of globalization, but nurtured the liberation of most of humanity from colonial rule. The collapse of the Soviet empire, and the freeing of its satellite states across Eastern Europe beginning in the late 1980s, marked another major watershed that further problematizes uncritical acceptance of the

A Troubled Soul Lost Of Alcohol And Drugs - 1023 Words

Amy Winehouse. A troubled soul lost in alcohol and drugs, transparent to the world inviting us in. Her album Back to Black encaptures her own warped mindset, displaying troubled romantic life and despair attached to it. Brilliance in a manner only Amy could perfect with her sultry voice. While learning about what went on in the world today, you can browse through the latest trends, see editors partake in challenges, the next food cuisine you should try or take a quiz to see which Friends character you are. There is always something to discover on Buzzfeed. The misconception that minorities are nothing more than rapists, drug suppliers, terrorist, job stealers, need I say more. Racial profiling and racism go hand in hand, this past year has been a representation of just that. Society is filled with fear; thus, categorizes an entire population for one’s action. Kids yelling â€Å"Ms.†, to help glue their latest arts and crafts project. Aiding to cuts, bloody noses, and occasional bickering children. Playing in the heat, only to cool down with visits to the pool. The excitement of weekly field trips. Being a counselor for my local Boys and Girls Club. She chants â€Å"Women united will never be divided†. Everywhere I turn womyn and men stand side by side repeating the chant. The Women’s Day March is filled with love and representation for equal recognition. Tears, screams, and joy fill the atmosphere. I am proud to be a womyn. September 9th, 1965. That fateful night, SandyShow MoreRelatedLegalizing Marijuana: Does Society Really Need Another Way to Get High?1563 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion of whether marijuana is truly harmful-and he concludes that it isnt, or at least that it is significantly less so than any number of other drugs that are currently legal. Marijuana, he argues, should be categorized somewhere between alcohol and tobacco on the one hand, and caffeine on the other. As evidence, he first points out that whereas alcohol and tobacco kill hundreds of thousands of people a year, there is no such thing as a lethal overdose of marijuana. While this is certainlyRead MoreWhat Influenced Edgar Allan Poes Writing Style?771 Words   |  4 PagesPoe’s Writing Style? Edgar Allan Poe, born in 1809, is a critic, mystery and short story writer, but most importantly a poet. Edgar’s troubled life greatly influenced his works. As a young boy, Edgar loved to compose poems for his loved ones. But as he grew older, Edgar started to experience pains and tragedies in life, causing him to abuse on opium and alcohol. These were scenes behind the years of Edgar’s dark writings. When Edgar was born, his father abandoned the entire family. Then Edgar’sRead MoreAnalysis and Interpretation of Tell Me Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pages †Tell Me† is written by Zoà « Sharp, and was published in 2006. The story concerns the problems of a neglected, lonely and insecure pre-adolescent girl, and the problems of social inheritance. The story depicts the problems and worries of the troubled mind, of a young girl, who is the victim of a crime. Crime scene investigator Grace McColl, has to look into the young girls case. Grace is trying to figure out what has happened to the girl, by interviewing her about the incident. The girl isRead MoreONeills Concept of Tragic Vision in Reference to Long Days Journey Into Night3245 Words   |  13 Pagesthe present, mired in the dark recesses of a bitter, troubled past. The play covers one day in a family’s life. It’s a deeply tragic play, but without any violent dramatic action. The play is shattering in its depiction of the agonized relations among father, mother and two sons. Spanning one day in the life of the family, the play strips away layer after layer from each other of the four central characters, revealing the mother as a defeated drug addict; the father as a man frustrated in his careerRead MoreLiterary Themes, Styles, And Techniques Of Edgar Allan Poe2358 Words   |  10 PagesWilbur writes that Poe saw poetry â€Å"as a stimulus to unearthly visions† (99). Poe aimed to use poetry as a means to connect with the supernatural and even the unconscious mind. Roppolo explains that Poe believed the purpose of poetry was to elevate the soul through indefinite suggestiveness (143). Poe viewed that literature does not show the reader an initial reality, but rather focuses the reader’s attention to an ideal. Poe thoug ht that the purpose of art was â€Å"a wild effort to reach the Beauty above†Read MoreAnalysis Paper 13137 Words   |  13 Pagesclosets (Lincoln, 2014). At the age of five I was molested. This tore me up and I told my grandparents and parents but they did not believe me, and since they did not believe me I shut myself off and I became so angry. I started to steal my grandpa’s alcohol. I watched him and I waited until he went to sleep, then I went and got his stash and got drunk. At the age of eight I was rape and became very isolated and bitterer. I went to school, I was smart, but I did not fit in with other children soRead MoreProposition to Reface Mount Rushmore2204 Words   |  9 Pagesbreath. â€Å"Lord, help my poor soul,† were the last words that would ever be heard from a poet with so much to say. Poe was only forty years old when he passed. At the time, the cause of death was said to be â€Å"congestion of the brain†, but historians believe otherwise. They believe that the true cause of death may have been linked to his alcoholism, rabies, epilepsy, or carbon monoxide poisoning. And so the world bid farewell to a sharp, though troubled mind. John Calvin Coolidge, later toRead MoreEssay on The Death of Alexander the Great7402 Words   |  30 Pagesthe death of Hephaestion is short and lacks detail. He says that Hephaestion was stricken by fever, but unlike other historians, does not directly link his illness with his drinking habits. In fact he excuses Hephaestions lack of willpower for alcohol, by saying young man and soldier that he was, he could not submit to a strict regimen (72.2). This is in stark contrast to Diodorus claim that In the course of the [celebrations], Hephaestion drank very much, fell ill and died (17.110.8). Read MoreProblems Encountered by Police Officers7666 Words   |  31 Pagesi THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON DRUG EDUCATION AMONG BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY OF BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY JOSE P. LAUREL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE STUDENTS A.Y 2010-2011 A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences Batangas State University Jose P. Laurel Polytechnic College Malvar, Batangas In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the subject Technical Writing By: MC MORIEL R.GUINTO BENJIE L. PAGCALIWANGAN ROMEO L. RAMOS March 2011 Read MoreEssay Dissociative Identity Disorder4445 Words   |  18 Pageshowever, he remains a real life murderer even until the end. In one of the most popular movies of this generation, and a trilogy of great fantasy literature, involves a character named Golem who himself has multiple personalities. His character is troubled, cunning and evil, and has murderous intent. However, in real life DID is not like this. DID is a coping strategy for children who are involved in great trauma. Hawkins puts it this way: â€Å"God built marvelous ingenuity into the human mind in order

Negotiating at the table Free Essays

There are many models that describe a three step method discussion, proposals, conclusion despite which school of thought one prescribes to, the process of preparation, discussion, proposal bargaining, and conclusion apply. Part I Background and Settings The situation described in the following is very much like the last one, where we discussed the purchase of a vehicle. However, in this example the professional car salesman lost customers sue to his lack of following a process to ensure that there was a win-win meet in the end. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiating at the table or any similar topic only for you Order Now My wife and I were going to purchase our flirt new vehicle together. We had purchased a used car In the past however the customer/dealer relationship was completely different than the one we encountered. Part II How was it Negotiated Being a first time car buyer carries with it tremendous pressure since you are going tee-a- tee with a person who sells vehicles and negotiates for a living. Being a young couple, we had done some homework on the car we wanted to purchase color, make, and model. We did some shopping around visiting several local dealers to see the price range for the vehicle we wished to purchase (this was before you could Google everything). Therefore, we had prepared ourselves to enter negotiations with the dealer that we felt comfortable in dealing with. On our negotiation team were myself, my wife, and my father (l said we were young). On the team for the dealership was Tony a veteran car salesman and a fairly new salesman, AY, who one could tell was starting a second career. We arrived at the dealership with our research done and our interests and options that we desired for our new car. We also, came with some determination and the attitude that we were going to leave with what we anted and In the range that we desired. After arriving at the dealership, we quickly found the Explorer with the options positions. AY entered the picture and we did the obligatory test drive. Upon returning, the negotiation process began. The first phase introduced by Sahara (2011) is the discussion during this phase, the exchange of ideas, information, offers and counter-offers should be communicated between the two parties. He also goes onto say that the pieces of the discussion that construct a positive and constructive discussion can be undone by negative or imaging behaviors or comments. This second part is the attitude that was brought on by Tony. To begin with, he pushed AY off to the side and began trying to sell the car to my father. His response was, you are selling to the wrong guy, as he pointed to my wife and l. As he continued to sell us his line he continually asked my wife if this or that was her hot button. This was due to the fact that when he began to discuss the price of the car vice the value of our trade-in, my wife became visually We found AY, told him that we would have much rather have dealt with him, but with Tony on the scene the hard work that he had done was quickly undone. PROPOSALS The bargaining phase proposal involves narrowing the gap between the two initial positions and persuading the other person that your case is so strong that they must accept less than they had planned. (Toolbox, n. D. ) In our situation we never had the opportunity to enter the proposal phase with our salesman. However, about twenty minutes after our departure, our salesman AY called us and asked us to explain the events that drove us away once again so that he could convey them to his director of ales and hoped that he would see the error of the situation and try to bring us back. As AY had hoped the director called us and apologized for the way in which Tony had conducted himself and asked if we were willing to come back and give them another try. This is the point in which we entered our first proposal we come back but the point that we enter at before any rebates and our trade-in was the price they said was their sale price. With some hesitation, he accepted our first proposal and we returned to the dealership. The mistake of poor attitudes and misspoken words cost he dealership one of their big trading cards. CLOSING THE DEAL This phase formally seals and binds the parties into the outcomes of the agreement. (Karri, 2013) After returning to the dealership, we were met by AY and the general manager. The proposal of the price that we discussed on the phone was represented and we continued form that point. There were some finer details that were worked through form this point however as Sahara (2011) this is permissible when working through the finer details. They offered us an agreeable amount for our trade and with a people of extra to sweeten the deal we were able to come to a final price. The entire process when we returned took less than 30 minutes, though in that time we were able to make final proposals and come to a conclusion on price to seal the deal. CONCLUSION Negotiating through the phases that were introduced can be done in a short period of time or can be long and drawn our. Both sides may go back and forth between the phases. (Sahara, 2011) However, with open communication, the avoidance of angering or belittling your opponent and understanding a conclusion an be reached that is amicable to both parties. How to cite Negotiating at the table, Papers

Alexander the Great, a patient and often devious m Essay Example For Students

Alexander the Great, a patient and often devious m Essay an; had never struck without careful planning. The youthful, headstrong Alexander liked to settle problems by immediate action. Making decisions with great speed, he took extraordinary risks; his success was achieved by the amount of sheer force and drive to overcome these risks. Alexander was one of the greatest and most courageous fighters in the world. He was educated as a student by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. The philosopher imbued Alexander with a love of Greek art and poetry, and instilled in him a lasting interest in Philosophy and science. Within a year of his accession, Alexander extended his dominions northward toward the Danube River and westward towards the Adriatic Sea. He then turned his attention to Greece where Thebes and Athens were threatening to bolt the league with weapons purchased with Persian gold. Also, Athens and Thebes were to unite in war against Macedon. In 335 B.C. Alexander decided to punish the city for what he regarded as treachery; .The city was destroyed and its people sold into slavery or killed. All of the city_s buildings were destroyed except for temples and the house of Pindar the poet. Pindar was long dead, but Alexander wanted to prove that even a Macedonian conqueror could be a Hellene. The savage lesson of Thebes brought results, the Athenian assembly quickly congratulated Alexander, and the Greek states, with Sparta as the continuing exception, remained Macedonian allies. Alexander now took on a project that Philip had planned but never carried out: an invasion of Persia. He decision to do this was purely a political one. For a century Persia had interfered increasingly in Greek affairs and had constantly oppressed the Greek cities in Asia Minor. Alexander had personal reasons too. Avid for glory and for identification with Greece, Alexander knew no better way to win both than by attacking Greece_s ancient foe. In some ways the invasion, the longest military campaign ever undertaken, was a reckless undertaking. It required a large army to move an enormous distance from its supply bases, through and unfamiliar country, against a power incalculably rich in money and men. Furthermore, Persia was governed by a patriotic and devoted military caste that was egar to show its strength in war. However the enemy had a weakness. The current king, Darius III, had come to the throne through the murder of his predecessor and was highly incompetent._Darius was no leader-in fact, he was not even a brave man. The best of his generals and satraps might have been able to compensate for his shortcomings, but the rigidly structured hierarchy of the Empire did not give them a chance._ Besides the fact that Persia was poorly ruled, Alexander was counting on another shortcoming of the Persian Empire to aide in his conquest. The Persian Empire_s subject were unloyal to and had very little affection towards their ruler(s) and would be unlikely to resist and invading army. In 334 B.C. Alexander crossed the Hellespont. Something that his father had planned but not fully achieved. He defeated the Persian forces that were gathered on the Asian side of the River Granicus. After this victory Alexander sent three hundred suits of Persian armor back to Athens. The message that went with them read, _Alexander, the son of Philip, and the Greeks, except the Spartans, have won this spoil from the barbarians of Asia,_ thus expressing in one brief and self-assured sentence his contempt for the Persians, his even greater contempt for the Spartans, and his conviction that he was furthering a Greek cause. _Of all the generals of the ancient world Alexander was surely the greatest. He possessed an almost clairvoyant insight into strategy and was a consummately resourceful tactician. Alexander could be compared to Napoleon in swiftness and in movement, but Alexander could be patient as well. As he showed in his siege of the fortress of Tyre, which lasted for about seven months. .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 , .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .postImageUrl , .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 , .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2:hover , .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2:visited , .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2:active { border:0!important; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2:active , .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2 .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f7dcb8230ea20c1b04c4bcbdef580f2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Agriculture In US Essay The old port of Tyre had been abandoned for some time, and the Tyrians were now securely enclosed behind massive walls on an island that was half a mile from the shore. Alexander made attempts to negotiate an entrance into the city but they .

Product Engineering and Design Review Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones

Introduction Product engineering and design is important because it allows consumers and manufacturers to interact through several ways. Adequately designed products are better selling, with certain designs also improving on the quality of some of the products. Some of the factors considered in product design and engineering include the use of the product, the target markets, and the durability of the same product.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Product Engineering and Design Review: Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case study, several products will be considered followed by a thorough analysis of their designs. Such products that the study considers include Coke bottles, running shoes (specifically Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe), air conditioner, dishwasher, and iPhones. Coke Bottles Description of the product This section provi des an analysis of the design of coke bottles. Coke bottles, as referred here are the glass bottles that the soft drink Coca-Cola Company uses to distribute its drinks. Some of the company employees constantly refer to the characteristic bottle that the company markets its beverage as the contour bottle, with others referring to it as the hobble skirt (Chan 2004). The bottle came into being about a century ago when the company asked the suppliers to engage in a competition to see who would produce a bottle that would be unique to the company. The competition bore fruit with the current design being made by one of the employees in the glass companies making the bottle. Material Selection The material used in the production is glass based on a number of factors and considerations. Glass may be fragile. However, it has a number of characteristics that make it suitable in the making of coke glass. Being transparent, glass contributes in the marketing of the beverage since consumers are able to distinguish the product and/or associate it with its quality and standard. It also gives the various products marketed in the same bottle a different look. Glass is also inert. It does not react with the contents of the bottle. This ensures that it is safe for human consumption. The Coca-Cola beverage marketed in the bottle would react with some of the common marketing materials, thus giving the product a distinct taste that may not be appealing to consumers. Another reason for the choice of glass over other materials is in the ease of recycling where the same bottle is used repeatedly to package the beverage. The company delivers the product to outlets, which in turn return the empty bottles to the company for refilling.Advertising Looking for case study on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Glass bottles are also durable. They can be used for many years without wear and tear, as opposed to other material s. Glass is also easy to clean and decontaminate after use. All the above reasons make glass the ideal material for the packaging of coke beverages. Manufacturing Methods The coke bottle is made in a number of companies around the world that are contracted by the mother company. The process of making these glass bottles has evolved over time, with the original hand blowing method being abandoned. The process is now mechanised, with most of the bottles being made from recycled glass. From the raw material, the process of melting takes place to allow the moulding of the obtained products.  Forming and annealing are the next processes, which are followed by physical inspection of the resultant product. The next step is the inspection of the product by the use of machines and lasers that discard the incomplete and poor quality bottles. In the conveyer belt, the bottles have to be inspected again physically, with this step being followed by the quality control process. The final stage before the bottles are supplied for beverage bottling is the packaging for the transport. Life Cycle Analysis In the life cycle analysis of a coke bottle, the bottle is sent for bottling of the Coca-Cola beverage after it has been manufactured. The beverage is then distributed to the retail markets in different parts of the world through the big supply outlets. Consumers access it through the retail markets when they want the beverage, after which the bottle is returned to the retailer. The company then gets it for refilling and marketing (PR 2011). Recyclability Coke bottles are some of the most available products for recycling. They are easily recycled to serve in the bottling of more beverages. Once a consumer uses the beverage, the bottle is returned to the supplier who sends it back to the company in exchange for full bottles (Smith-Teutsch 2009). The empty bottles are then refilled and reused. Broken bottles are also recycled, with new bottles being made from them. Some of the glasses used to make some of the bottles are more than 20 years old, only being available through recycling.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Product Engineering and Design Review: Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall Product Appeal The overall product appeal is very good. The brand is one of the most recognised anywhere in the world. The bottle contributes to the recognition accorded to the whole product. Only few people and countries are unable to recognise it. The brand is also the best selling in its class for many years by managing to kill competition by the easy and consistent design that it has kept over the years (Coca-Cola recycles all its Olympic bottles 2012). It is therefore right to say that the coke bottle is one of the most appealing of products in its class. Running Shoes: Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe Description of the Product Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe is one of the shoe brands that can be used in trail running. The shoe is a product of the Salomon Company, which has put decades into the manufacture of quality shoes. The latest trail shoes are made to be light for runners while at the same time offering protection from the feet. Trail running requires that the participants have well-fitting and comfortable shoes to minimise injury after a long run and/or reduce the impact on the ground. This shoe is designed especially for that, with a combination of several materials to make it desirable to users. Material Selection Traditionally, shoes have been made out of leather, with this being a way of making them durable and relatively comfortable (Larson 2013). Trail running however requires the runner to use the lightest shoes that are comfortable and durable at the same time. The material chosen in the manufacture of the Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe has the above characteristic. It is suit able during trail running. The first material used is leather that is used to reinforce the meshwork at the front-upper part of the shoe that can be described as a breather. The mesh continues at the front of the shoe to a rubber part, which forms the toe box. The reason for use of rubber at this part of the shoe and other parts is to ensure comfort at the same spots during the running process. The tongue at the front of the shoe is made of lycra and nylon. This makes it thin and flexible (Trail Running 2013, p. 71). The heel is soft since it is made of rubber, which allows weight bearing and softer landing while out on the trail.Advertising Looking for case study on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Manufacturing Methods The shoes are manufactured using state of the art technology at the company factory, with the materials being widely available. The materials used in the manufacture of the sole are mainly ethylene vinyl acetate, which is mixed with other materials such as silicon and polyurethane for more comfort, durability, and aesthetic appeal. The lower part of the sole is reinforced through the mixing of the above materials with carbon rubber, with this making it durable and allowing it to bear stress. The upper covering is later made from the different materials named above depending on the part that is being made. The shoe is made in different colours by the dying of the complete product or using the dyed material. Leather that is used in the making of some of the parts is brought into the manufacturing plant when already cut and tanned. Life Cycle Analysis After the shoes are ready, the different sizes are put together for packaging in the appropriate boxes in readines s for sale and export. These are then loaded onto the waiting trucks and vans that distribute to the various outlets or the different retailers. They are also packed in large quantities in containers that are then loaded into ships for transfer to the international markets. Consumers have to buy the shoes from the designated outlets all over the world or in the shopping malls and retail outlets. The price is predetermined. Each of the retailers adds his or her costs. The end users are the consumers who can discard the shoe if they are no longer useful to them or pass them down to others. The shoes can also wear out necessitating replacement. Recyclability Although the shoes can be used for several years without wear and tear, the recyclability of the materials used is not very good. However, the rubber and the nylon could be recycled and used to make other products such as key holders. The shoes are therefore not easily recyclable. It would be an environmental concern if most of the people disposed them wrongly. The sole could be dismantled into the various component materials with these being used to make other shoes and wares. The process would however be expensive and tedious. Overall Product Appeal The product trail shoe is appealing to trail runners, with most of them preferring it to other brands of running shoes. The general reasons for preference include the light nature of the shoe, the durability, and the different designs that are available. They are also marketed as suitable for both on and off-road with minimal wear and tear. The other appealing characteristic of the shoes is the comfort they accord to the runners feet ensuring that they do not get the associated injuries. A number of runners also prefer the shoe brand because of the design that sets the shoe apart in the industry. It is considered more prestigious in relation to other shoes. The design has also attracted awards, with the shoe being voted the second best trail shoe (Dreher 2005) A ir Conditioner Air conditioner is a machine that allows air conditioning. Air conditioning refers to the equilibration of room temperature to provide comfort. Several companies manufacture the machine. It constitutes of a number of parts assembled together. Description of the product Air conditioner allows the cooling of rooms that would otherwise be too warm or hot, thus making it comfortable to live in these kinds of places. The machine cools rooms in a system that operates like a freezing system (Udagawa et al. 2013). In addition, it filters the air. Air conditioner can be set to a certain temperature. In fact, with the thermostatic control, it can ensure that the room is maintained at this given temperature. The main components of the air conditioning machine include the compressor that compresses the cooling fluid, the blower that contributes to the cooling of the air, and the cooling coils that radiate the heat to and from the machine. These work in concert to produce a unit t hat keeps rooms at a constant temperature. Material selection The material used in the construction of air conditioning machines is specially selected and has characteristics that allow the dissipation of heat from the room to the environment. Several materials are used in the construction of air conditioner. These include the metallic radiation tubes that allow the heat to be lost. Throughout the development of the machine, the materials selected have changed with time. This has been influenced by the discovery of materials that are more conductive and durable. The fluid used in the cooling system is also specially selected, with the requirement of being easily compressed. The machine is constructed on various principles. However, these depend on the maker of the machine. The two common principles that they work on include mechanical cooling and electromechanical cooling. The materials are then selected based on these two principles and the desire of the manufacturing company. Manu facturing Methods Various companies have established themselves in the manufacture of air conditioners, and these are especially the electronic companies. The methods used in the manufacture of air conditioners depend on the maker (Batterman et al. 2012). For a simple mechanical air conditioner, the coolant is put inside a pre-shaped system of cooling metallic tubes, which are then connected to a pump that drives the fluid inside the tubes and compresses it to give off heat. The process is then followed by the attachment of this system to several boxes that will be stationed in and out of the building to be cooled. A fan is attached to one end, which also rotates another fan on the opposite side. The process leads to the eventual cooling of air passing in between these systems. Life Cycle Analysis The completed air conditioners are packed after being manufactured at the manufacturing plants, with the different shapes and sizes being put in matching boxes with care. The packaged air conditioners are then transported to various outlets where the marketing of the same takes place. The outlets then distribute the units to the various retailers who then pass them to the willing buyers. The durability depends on several factors such as the current being used and the type of usage that they are put through. The air conditioner can be destroyed during transit or during use. Recyclability Most of the air conditioners are not recycled after use. However, the various components that make up the machines can be broken down after use and used to make other products. The fluid used as a coolant has been associated for a long time with pollution and global warming. Newer technologies are being used to replace it. It is possible to replace the cooling fluid in an effort to make other machines such as freezers and fridges, which could also be recycled. The casings used are mainly metallic, which can then be recycled after use to make other metallic products. Another part of th e machine that could be recycled is the pumping system, which could be used to make other air conditioners or metallic items. The process of separating the various components is however tedious and time consuming. In fact, it is rarely done. The machine also lasts for long periods. Overall Product Appeal Air conditioners are meant to keep the living quarters cool and fit for living in. The designs made by the various manufacturers try to impress and appeal to buyers through the shapes and sizes that they are made of by the company. Most of the machines are also spacious, thus taking up large spaces in rooms. They are therefore easily fitted in many rooms. Dishwasher A dishwasher is a mechanised system of washing dishes. It does not utilise manual washing. It is an easy way of washing a large number of utensils in restaurants and event in homes. Description of the Product A dishwasher is generally a compartment in which dirty utensils are put in and come out clean, and does not invol ve manual scrubbing. When the dirty utensils are loaded into this machine, hot water with some detergent is sprayed and used to clean the plates in the same manner that manual scrubbing would do. The machine allows the dishes to be washed from all sides, with rinsing being done at the end of it. Rinsing is done through spraying of warm water to the utensils, after the draining of the water used to wash (Zhifeng, Yang, Di Bo 2012). The drying of the utensils is later done. Most of the dishwashers employ the use of hot air. Several mechanisms are also used in the drying of the utensils being washed including the use of a rinse aid. Material Selection The materials used in the construction of a dishwasher have special characteristics depending on the manufacturer. Stainless steel is occasionally used in the railing of the washing compartment due to its special characteristics. The cabinet is also covered in insulation material that prevents the dissipation of heat to the outer cover. The outer cover is made of plastic and carbon fibre, with most of other dishwashers being metallic. A hot current element is used to heat the air and the water used in the washing of the utensils. A motor is used to rotate the spraying arms that wash the dishes. Depending on the size of the machine, metallic stands may be utilised to hold the weight and prevent collapse during use. Manufacturing Methods The manufacturing of dishwashers is not a simple process, and employs a number of skilled people and robotics. The various components of the dishwashers are manufactured independently as they await a later assembly process into the complete product (Dà ¶Ã„Ÿen et al., 2013). Some of the components that are constructed independently include the trays, the motors and the cabinets. The trays are made by welding of the stainless steel rods together, with the motor being made with electrical units. The cabinet that houses the whole unit is then constructed with the utilisation of metalli c boards, with the commonest used material being stainless steel. These components are later assembled in a factory, with a conveyor belt being used to mechanise the process. Life Cycle Analysis The lifecycle of the dishwasher begins after the exit from the manufacturing belt. From the manufacturer, they are stocked in retail markets and other electric outlets. Care is taken during the transit process, as the material is fragile and expensive. The main buyers of the dishwashers are the hotel owners who buy them to install into their hotels after construction or to replace worn out ones. Individuals also buy to replace the old and the broken ones in their homes. One can choose to fit the dishwashers on kitchen walls or place them on the top of stands. They last for several years. The durability depends on the manufacturer and utilisation in the final destination. Recyclability Materials used in the manufacture of the dishwashers are easily recycled, with the main recyclable material being the stainless steel. The available companies that can recycle the materials in a dishwasher play a crucial role towards making the environment safe (Zhang et al. 2010). The plastic over in the machine can be recycled to make simple utensils or other plastic appliances, and so can the glass that is usually used in the doors to the machines. The other recyclable parts include the pumps used in the dishwashers. These parts could be used to make other appliances such as cables and dishwashers. In the last few decades, the use of dishwashing technology has improved, with many countries manufacturing or assembling these items. Recycling is therefore important to prevent any environmental impact. Overall Product Appeal The overall appeal for the dishwasher is good. Most of people using the machine state that it makes washing easy and faster according to Richter (2011). There are different shapes and sizes that exist contributing to the overall appeal noticed for the product. Some of the largest consumer groups are the hotel operators. Their use of dishwashing technology has made the requirement of extra staff less. Dishwashers also come with different capabilities. People can also use them in private homes since they take up little space. iPhones Apple Inc has made a name for itself in the electronics industry. One of the company’s best-known products is the iPhone. The iPhone is a Smartphone that is designed by Apple Inc to run on its own operating system. The company released the first in its line in the year 2007. This product propelled the world into the Smartphone age that is currently prevailing. The gadget has several capabilities, including the standard texting and call applications Description of the Product The iPhone is a product that has been in the market for a considerable time now. It is a combination of the traditional phone technology with other capabilities. Some of the capabilities that he iPhone has include call and texting, a touch s creen that allows users to operate the device, and a gaming technology that is based on the ability to download applications. The touch screen allows for a virtual keyboard. The users can use this to operate the phone, a departure from the traditional manual keyboard that phones were built around.  Another capability includes the hosting of a Wi-fi receiver that allows owners to surf the internet and work online in the presence of a network. The phone has GPS navigation. This feature allows users to locate themselves and drive around without the worry of getting lost. The phone also has a clear camera that takes a number of shots and stores them in the internally constructed memory in addition to the external memory that can be removed. With the world currently going digital and most people being fans of social media, the phone allows easy and fast internet access, thus allowing users to interact through the social networks. Materials Selection The Apple iPhone is a revolutionary phone with many features and capabilities. Due to the requirement to perform these functions, the phone is made up of a number of smaller pieces that work as a unit to allow the functional capacity noted above. The integrated circuits are made from different material from the processors that make the technology possible (Pyungho 2011). Silicon is an important material in the construction of the iPhone. This material is used in the construction of the numerous small circuits that allow maximum function ability. The input and output devices in the phone are engineered with accuracy to feature some of the best in the industry.  The phone has sensors that allow motion controlled gaming, with the users enjoying the ability to use applications that feature these. There are also other sensors such as the proximity sensor. In the concept originally developed by Apple, users could easily deactivate the phone or unknowingly switch on other applications during the process of making calls. Th e presence of proximity sensors allows the prevention of this process. Other components include the ambient light sensor that helps save battery power and the accelerometer that allows changing of phone orientation. Manufacturing Methods The manufacture of the iPhone is a rigorous process. It takes the effort of over ten companies manufacturing the various components to come up with the device. Apple created the software that the phone runs on, which is also involved in the designing of the phone and some of its components. The company, however, contracts other companies in the industry to construct and install the various components that make the phone unique (Snell 2012). Some of the parts that are made by different manufacturers to be shipped for assembly include the screen, the processors, and the video processors. Apple however markets the phone as its products in agreement with the other companies. Life Cycle Analysis Technology is changing at an alarming rate. Newer technolog y is coming up now and then. The phone industry is also in high competition with the various manufacturers being involved in tight battles. The iPhone, based on the above consideration has its lifecycle being determined by some of the prevailing economic factors.  The life cycle of the phone begins with the manufacturing plant where packaging is done together with other components being packed in same containers. The next step is the distribution of the product. The phones are distributed internationally, with the various branches in the many countries being involved in the distribution and ordering. The retailers are the eventual link to the customers. The phone will then be used until the next model is out (Macworld 2009). Recyclability The iPhone has a number of parts and components. These are intricately put into position to make a working gadget. The recyclability of these materials and parts is not easy. The phone is generally hard to recycle. Some of the parts that could be recycled include the screens that are made of glass and the silicon integrated circuits. There are several limitations however to the recycling of the iPhones, which include the magnitude of the financial implications. There would have to be too many phones to be recycled. There are only a few million phones in use with these still being used. Overall Product Appeal The overall product appeal is good for the iPhone. In fact, the company that makes it has set a price tag that is suitable for the phone. A special reaction was also evident from consumers who anticipated the entry of the phone into the market. There were long queues of ready to buy consumers and this indicated the appeal that the phone had. In general, the appeal of the phone is good. Many of the users have expressed satisfaction of the product. They are also waiting or the next model. References Batterman, S, Du, L, Mentz, G, Mukherjee, B, Parker, E, Godwin, C, Chin, J, O’Toole, A, Robins, T, Rowe, Z Lewis, T 2012, ‘Particulate matter concentrations in residences: an intervention study evaluating stand-alone filters and air conditioners’, Indoor Air, vol. 22 no. 3, pp. 235-252. Chan, P 2004, ‘Design choice: Coca-Cola bottle’, Media: Asia’s Media Marketing Newspaper, vol. 1 no. 1, p. 15. Coca-Cola recycles all its Olympic bottles 2012, ENDS (Environmental Data Services), Sage, London. Dà ¶Ã„Ÿen, A, Kaplan, E, Oksà ¼z, Z, Serin, M, Ilkit, M de Hoog, G 2013, ‘Dishwashers are a major source of human opportunistic yeast-like fungi in indoor environments in Mersin, Turkey’, Medical Mycology: Official Publication Of The International Society For Human And Animal Mycology, vol. 51 no. 5, pp. 493-498. Dreher, B 2005, ‘Fall’s best trail shoes’, Health (Time Inc. Health), vol. 19 no. 8, pp. 45-46. Larson, D 2013, ‘Shoes’, Backpacker, vol. 41 no. 3, p. 54. Macworld, S 2009, ‘Apple Debuts iPhone 3G S, iPhone 3.0 ’, Macworld, vol. 26 no. 8, p. 16. PR, N 2011, ‘Chairs Made from Recycled Plastic Coca-Cola Bottles to Go on Display; 111 Navy Chair Is Icon at Tokyo Chair City Exhibition’, PR Newswire US, vol. 1 no. 1, p.1. Pyungho, K 2011, ‘The Apple iPhone Shock in Korea’, Information Society, vol. 27 no. 4, pp. 261-268. Richter, C 2011, ‘Usage of dishwashers: observation of consumer habits in the domestic environment’, International Journal Of Consumer Studies, vol. 35 no. 2, pp. 180-186. Smith-Teutsch, A 2009, ‘Coca-Cola using bottles made from plant materials’, Waste Recycling News, vol. 15 no. 15, p. 3. Snell, J 2012, ‘iPhone 5 Takes Next Step in Smartphone Evolution’, Macworld, vol. 29 no. 12, p. 28. Trail Running 2013, Outside, Routlege, London. Udagawa, Y, Sekiguchi, K, Yanagi, M, Uekusa, Naito, Y 2013, ‘Development of an Outdoor Air Cooling-Type Air-Cooled Package Air Conditioner for Data Centers’, ASH RAE Transactions, vol. 119 no. 1, pp. 1-9. Zhang, T, Wang, S, Sun, G, Xu, L Takaoka, D 2010, ‘Flow impact of an air conditioner to portable air cleaning’, Building Environment, vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 2047-2056. Zhifeng, L, Yang, G, Di, H Bo, L 2012, ‘Dishwasher’s environmental impact analysis and improvement by addressing EUP directive in China dishwasher manufactures’, International Journal Of Environmental Technology Management, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 61-78. This case study on Product Engineering and Design Review: Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones was written and submitted by user Georgia Schultz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saluer - to greet, salute - French Verb Conjugation

Saluer - to greet, salute - French Verb Conjugation The  French verb  saluer means to greet or salute  but can also mean  to take ones leave. Find simple conjugations for this regular -er verb in the tables below. Conjugations of Saluer Present Future Imperfect Present participle je salue saluerai saluais saluant tu salues salueras saluais il salue saluera saluait nous saluons saluerons saluions vous saluez saluerez saluiez ils saluent salueront saluaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle salu Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je salue saluerais saluai saluasse tu salues saluerais saluas saluasses il salue saluerait salua salut nous saluions saluerions salumes saluassions vous saluiez salueriez salutes saluassiez ils saluent salueraient salurent saluassent Imperative tu salue nous saluons vous saluez Verb conjugation patternSaluer  is a  regular -ER verb

Argument paper - Heart disease only affects the old Essay

Argument paper - Heart disease only affects the old - Essay Example Most people, however, do not feel that they need to worry about heart disease until they are older. Despite the fact that most people believe the heart disease is an illness of age and inevitable, through changing lifestyles and addressing bad habits throughout the population heart disease could be almost all but eliminated. Although heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease is more of a symptomatic result rather than a singular affliction. One of the greatest myths about heart disease is that if it runs in the family there is nothing that can be done to prevent it. The American Heart Association established the idea that this is a myth and that if people take better care of themselves through becoming active, controlling cholesterol, eating better and maintaining healthy weight and sugar control that it is possible to avoid the eventuality of heart disease. The American Heart Association also discusses the problem of people believing that age is relevant to cardiovascular diseases. It is true that more often cardiovascular disease will affect a senior citizen; however the young and middle-aged can also develop heart problems, especially now that obesity has become an epidemic. There are many people who believe that the way in which they live when they are young, has no bearing on what their life will be like when they are older. In many cases, people believe that the young have the ability to have poor lifestyles and survive while they do not need to actually worry about it until they enter middle age (Bell). However, evidence shows that this is not the case. In fact, the way in which a mother takes care of her health during pregnancy appears to have a great deal of effect on the way in which a child has certain health opportunities throughout his or her life (Wintour and Owens 10). Therefore, if the effects that a mother has on a childs

John Hopkins School of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Hopkins School of Medicine - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the John Hopkins School of Medicine, or simply the John Hopkins Hospital, is one of America’s most distinguished healthcare organizations. Located in Baltimore, John Hopkins is both a teaching hospital and a research facility dedicated to biomedical research. The hospital was constructed as part of the will of a philanthropist known as John Hopkins. He was a merchant and a banker, and he left his estate for the development of both a hospital and a university bearing his name. This bequest, left in 1873, was the largest philanthropic gift of its time. The hospital has revolutionized how medicine is practiced in the United States as is often regarded as the founding institution of modern medicine in the country. Other than that, the institution is the birthplace of several medical terms and traditions such as residency, rounds and house staff. The institution has been in the forefront of setting up departments in the fields of ped iatrics, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery and other departments. These departments are nowadays found in all healthcare institutions throughout the country. According to the U.S News & World Report, that ranks hospitals, John Hopkins Hospitals is one of the world best hospitals. The hospital has been ranked as America’s best hospital for 21 consecutive years. This ranking, however, has changed in the last few years after being supplanted by hospitals such as Massachusetts General Hospital.

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Kandinskys Works - Essay Example The paper "Kandinsky’s Works" analyzes the works of the famous artist, Wassily Kandinsky. Kandinsky’s works, how they influenced theatre forms in the 20th century and how they commented on wider issues of society, arts culture & politics. Then, Kandinsky begun his career in Munich, 1896, publishing firstly a pamphlet, which summarized the idea of new art.1 During that pamphlet he claimed that art should not be simply the reproduction of nature, and this consideration related to the works of Herman Orbist, which was being inspired by the work of Claud Monet. W1 Accordingly, similarity could be discovered in the early works of Kandinsky and Monet, so regarding the aforementioned similarity the Old town II, 1902, by Kandinsky, was included into the text of essay. Evidently, Kandinsky is more widely known for his works in Expressionism & Abstract movements; however, Kandinsky’s published works did not go straight oils to abstract, and he first failed to be accepted i nto Franz von Stuck’s painting class, after which he was accepted alongside Paul Klee and Hans Purrman.1 Additionally, during this time in Munich Kandinsky came into contact with a multitude of artists, from studio assents to sculptors, and in this thorough study of art Kandinsky became disillusioned with how this scene was supplied and filled with academic scholars of art; subsequently, he considered them as narrow minded and politically coloured artists. On the contrary, it is in his later exhibitions which were named â€Å"Phalanx†.

Business Strategy and SWOT Analysis of Nike

Business Strategy and SWOT Analysis of Nike Executive Summary. Nike is a One of the leading company in the world which generally activated in design, development and global market with high quality of equipment, footwear and accessory products. Nike is one the biggest seller of athletic footwear and apparel in the world. The Nike is got the best position in the market to go with the approach of athletic market. The company is excavate into any niche in relates with sports market as well as technical breakthroughs, retailing, management of sports and sports promotions. Nike is now going into the particular market of the Pakistan. This is the best time for Nike to introduce its womens footwear, apparel and equipment for the womens of Pakistan because the womens are getting freedom in Pakistan. Pakistan is already one of the biggest supplier for the Nikes soccer. History of Nikes. In 1962, two people from the University of Oregon created a undersized company with the name of Blue Ribbon.In the 1972, the company transformed his name and became in to the market with the name of Nike. In the current situation, Nike owns amenities in Oregon, Tennessee, Netherlands and the North Carolina. It also working in leased services for 15 Nike-towns, more than 80 Nike Factory Stores, 2 NIKE goddess boutiques and more than 100 sales and administrative offices. There are just about 23,000 people engaged by the Nike, wide-reaching. The companys first year sales did not cross $ 10,000 however, its present revenues exceed well over$10billion. Nike research lab is frequently pursuing modernization in the field of sports. The research work in the lab is circulated into three categories including biomechanics, physiology and sensory/perceptual attributes. The researches main purpose is to focuses on differentiating factors like geography, sexual category, age and skill level. Products of Nike can largely be scattered into two categories as footwear and equipment. The footwear has been sub characterized into various product lines including sports culture, running, basketball and soccer. Nike is doing their business in a very customer slanting market. This means that the requirement for the Nikes goods seriously depends on the attractiveness of the different fitness actions. The company adjusts incessantly their product mix in direct to meet demands. It manages its business cautiously, leading in hostile marketing styles and pioneering products. Nike Mission statement. our mission is to bring inspiration and and innovation to every athlete in the world if u have body, u are an athlete (My strategic plan,2008) Nike as Innovative Company. According to (S. Parkash Sethi,2003) Nike is one of the highly enterprunual and innovative company that is running on more than one ways it took all the relevancy and utilitarian in all purposes its aims to one type fits all Nike has the high tech and high quality footwear and athletic sports equipment for all seasons. Business Plan. Pakistan is the most passionate country in the world in terms of sports. It is the time for Nike to introduce his footwear and apparel for womens because womens of the Pakistan are now participating shoulder to shoulder with men in all fields of life. Most important challenges confronted women in Pakistan in the start of 1990s: rousingly  practical literacy, attainment access to service opportunities at all levels in the  economic, promoting revolutionize in the sensitivity of womens roles and status, and  getting hold of a public vote both inside and outside of the political process. Kiran khan and Robab Naz are considering role module for Pakistani womens. After the getting ranking in international ranking now Pakistani womens cricket is also very popular in the Pakistan. SWOT analysis. According to (Bohim,2008) Examining a company internal and external environmental is essential in the process of strategic planning the swot analysis which includes the analysis strength , weakness, opportunities and threats investigates both internal and external as well as positive and negative factors of a corporation on the basis of swot analysis a marketing strategy can be deverlped using corporate strengths as well as avoiding corporate weaknesses to enable a company to benefits from future opportunities with regards of future risk. Strengths Weaknesses Brand Name Dependent on footwear sale. Innovation. Dont have Nikes own retailers. Famous Spokespersons. Doesnt able to capture the local market like international market. Gradually growth Strong Research and development department. Opportunities Threats Jumped into recycling. Currency fluctuation Sunglasses and jewellery By the competitors alternative brands Maintaing e-co friendly envirement Companies financial status Market Segmentation. Market Segmentation is the process of identifying different group of users with in a market who could possibly be targeted with a separate products or marketing programs.(Michael j croft n.d ) Market Size. Pakistan with population of over 140 million has a demand of 220 million pairs of shoes annually. (Daily times, 2003) Pakistan have the population of 140 million and the Womens in that are 47.5% of the total. Location. Nikes targeted location is the Pakistani market particularly womens markets so they need to design the product according to the needs and of the Pakistani womens. Gender. Nikes targeted gender are the womens in the Pakistan that are the 47.5% of the total population that is the niche market for the Nikes and the Pakistani womens are not very much use to of exercise so they need to be very focused. Age Group. Nikes targeted customers are from all the group fellows. The products must be varied from every group the mostly used customers are the teenagers between 13 to 25. Religion. In Pakistan the majority of the Muslims and the other religions like Christians and Hindus are also have the customers in Pakistan. So the company needs to be care full the norms and values of the religion. Buying Power. The economy of the Pakistan is not so strong so the company needs to set their prices at that level where majority of people are willing to accept that product. Education. The education level is not fully up to standard but now a days Pakistan sloly and gradually going towards the bitterness and people are now able to under to understand the importance of health and safety. Cultural Influence and Business. Culture is the part of human action that is socially as opposed to gentacally transmitted. It comprises the idea through which we perceive and interpret the world, symbols we use to communicate thsese idieas, and institution which enable individuals to become socialised and satisfy their needs(David Needle 1994 ) The culture of the Pakistan is very rich and the company needs to look at the culture of Pakistan where womens are not mostly allowed to wear tide dress and so the company needs to understand the pros and norms of the particular culture and design the product according to the needs of that culture. PEST Analysis. http://www.learnmarketing.net/pestmarketing.jpg (Source,; website) According to (Management Bluffers 2000) Now a days environmental is changing day by day and its reached there where it wasnt before constantly changing the environmental make mangers job is so tough now a days. Thats why the PEST analysis is useful and simple tool for the manager where they can track the environmental changes impacts on the business it includes the social, Political , Economical ,and technological. It is difficult for others to resist comparison with (a) an inept user and (b) vermin to be eliminated. Political. Countries have both market and non-market environment. The market environment involves the interaction between households( or individuals ) and companies to allocate resources, free from governmental ownership or control. The non-market government agencies and government owned business ).(Johan D,Daniel , lee 1998) According to the current political situation of the Pakistan is trying to stable the economy of the country and if Nikes introduce new products into the market the market condition will be more better because the Nikes has the brand name in the footwear industry. Economical. Economics factors are affect the purchasing power of potential customer and firms cost of capital(John William, Curtis,2006) Nikes needs to consider the economic factor as a main role in Pakistan. During the year of 2008 Pak rupee value is decreased and Pakistan is facing the Bank crisis as well so company needs to have a very strong capital to face these situation. The company needs to consider the following steps. Current economic system in the Pakistan. Exchange rate and stability. Business cycle. Economic rate of growth Rate of unemployment Rate of Inflation. Social Factor. Social factors includes the demography of the people. How the people behave to towards the products and What are the norms and value of respective countries. In Pakistan womens are not allowed to go out for exercise so company needs to give the awareness and provide the facilities to the womens of Pakistan. Technological Factor. According to blab bulb is needs to be consider New purchasing mechanism New production technology New distribution mechanism New method of working Opportunities for new products to sell The Pakistan is developing country so the trend of online shopping is not so much popular in Pakistan still people go to the market for shopping so and distribution method is also same like people would like to by through suppliers chain. Competitors. No firm can exists in vacuum(Lay young Man,1998) It is really very important for the company to know who are their potential competitors and what the strategies they are using to capture the market as the CEO Philip kotler says a quite that business is a war without bullets. Nikes main competitors are in the Pakistan market are Addidas Puma Reebok And local Firms http://www.psfk.com/wp-content/uploads/HLIC/1ac79b884a0c8da1796d12e024fce542.jpg Although Nike is one of the biggest company in the world in soccer and footwear with a high brand name but its rival company Addidas giving really very tough time in china addidas take over china with 60% shares and Nikes is 2% behind the addidas but in Pakistan culture people are mostly brand oriented and Nike is already working in soccer industry in Pakistan so Nike has competitive advantage that Nike is contributing in the economy of the Pakistan. To introduce the new product into the market the company needs to analyse the the porter five forces as well to compete with rivals the company needs to understand and make a good strategy for these forces. Marketing Mix . The set of tools that management can use to influence sales(Philip Kotler) Every targeted market needs to be a exceptional marketing mix to convince the needs of the beleaguered consumer to achieve the firms goal the strategy must be followed by the each of the every single 4p and Because these four ps are the basics of the strategies that to achieve the firms goals. Nike also must follows this strategy to enter into the Market of Pakistan. Product. Nikes Product in respect of Pakistan market is the womens footwear and apparel Nikes needs to design the product as the demand of the market in Pakistan and needs to keep in mind the cultural barriers that are faced by the womens of Pakistan. Price. According to(Stafanie Hoffmen 2005) Price is a potential marketing mix because it has the direct impact on the consumer , economy and the company as well. The price is major indicator about the quality of the product. Due to depressed economy and like other developing countries people of Pakistan buying power is not so strong 98% people are living average level life so Nikes needs to set that price for the products that are acceptable by the majority of the population . Place or Distribution. Place or distribution strategies are concern with making product available when and where customer want them(Charlas W lamb,2009 ) In Pakistan the areas of capturing where the more output the company get is the main cities of Pakistan like Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad. These are the main markets for the Nikes to be captured. And needs to be the access able for the customers. Promotion. Promotion or Marketing communication is the component of marketing mix used to inform and persuade the targeted audience to buy or use and organization products promotion is the element in the marketing mix that communicates the key message to targeted audience(Richard barker, Gorge,nd ) In Pakistan Nikes has the best opportunity for promotion to use the Pakistani womens heros like Robab and Kiran khan and the Pakistani womens cricket team players to promote and products and the brand name in the country. The best method of advertising and promotion in Pakistan is electronic media. Recommendations. In current situation Pakistan market is niche for women footwear and apparel. According to the research. It is recommended that Nikes needs a very strong and tactical strategy for Pakistan because in Pakistan womens are getting rights but still that is a conservative country. Pakistan is an Islamic state where womens are not allowed to wear tides and bikinis and also in Pakistan only in big cities there are separate exercise clubs for the womens so Nikes also needs to develop health clubs and take a part in spreading the awareness of health issues. Pakistan market is good market but more than 80% population is under the poverty level so price needs to consider most in this.

Much Ado About Nothing: An Overview :: essays research papers

Much Ado About Nothing: An Overview It is a beautiful spring afternoon. The air is full of the radiance of freshly bloomed daisies and the energizing chill of the periodic spring breeze. Puffy large cumulus clouds fill the azure sky with gray thunderheads looming off in the distance. Looking down from the clouds, one can see a gathering of finely dressed people. Birds flying overhead hear the murmurs of the crowd gathered for a wedding of gentry. Shakespeare could never have planned the first scene of Act IV in Much Ado About Nothing so well. The serene sky overhead symbolizing the beauty and joviality of the occasion; dark rain clouds looming in the distance foreshadowing the mischief to come. Despite his inability to control weather patterns, Shakespeare developed marvelous scenes which he displayed in his own theater, The Globe. How did Shakespeare portray the emotional aspects of his characters and their strife to his audience? How did he direct the actors and what did the open air stage of The Globe look like? Imagine yourself in London circa 1600, a short year after the completion of the Globe Theater and perhaps a few months after the completion of the play Much Ado About Nothing, Act IV has just begun. Claudio and Hero are facing each other in front of a simple, yet anciently beautiful altar, garbed in Elizabethan costume fit for the occasion. Hero is wearing a long white dress with trailer and high neck which is adorned according to the fashion trends of the time. Claudio has donned a royal looking doublet with silver trim and hose to equally as majestic. Sitting on either side of the couple in ancient pews, shrouded in solemn silence, are Don Pedro the Prince of Aragon, Don John the Bastard, Leonato, Benedick, Beatrice and the attendants of Beatrice and Hero. Facing the couple, positioned in between them so the audience may hear him, is Friar Francis wearing a simple white robe and golden cross, his only posessions. Don Pedro wears a doublet ornately embroidered with golden designs. He is the only person on stage looking finer than Claudio, marking his royal blood to all. The others wear fine doublets and dresses, although not decorated elaborately, to show their respect for the wedding pair. Scene IV actually begins when Leonato stands and makes his brave but respectful request to the Friar to be brief with the ceremonies (IV i,l1). Knowing his duties, the Friar continues square-faced with the wedding by asking Claudio of his intentions to marry Hero (IV i,l5). Without hesitation Claudio responds, "No." (IV i,l6) He means that he does not intend to marry Hero.

Reflection on Theorists/Theories Essay

Maria Montessori bought us the theory of observation of children to open the door to a way of teaching. Arnold Gesell, who bought us the developmental milestones of children. Refer to as the norms, should be consider a starting point to measure development. Both still inspiring early educators of today. It is impressive that Maria Montessori is the first female physician in Italy. This endeavor was a major feat to achieve in her time. She provided great contributions to the cognitive-development theory. Not only did she achieve this accomplishment, she used her skills to aid the children of poverty and disabilities. This to me is a very courageous and endearing act. During her work with impoverished communities, she observed that the environment had no stimulation or structure for children to learn. This led her to embark on another adventure, she opened a preschool named Casa di Bambini in 1907. Maria Montessori formed her beliefs by observing children. One of Montessori’s beliefs, â€Å"In reality, the children are the teachers†. The adults were to create an environment conducive to learning. Once this environment is created the children would venture out and learn through play. This belief is still practiced in childcare facilities today. There are safety guidelines that each facility must abide by for the protection of all children. Complying with the safety regulations and ensuring children can be active and play without danger, in turn gives children a wondrous world to investigate. In her observations, she formed many other beliefs. One being education of children starts at birth and continues on in the early years of childhood. She called these years the â€Å"sensitive periods† (Gordon and Browne 14). The Daily Montessori web site writes, â€Å"Within Maria Montessori’s framework due to her studies with children, she has observed the occurrence of sensitive periods. In other pedagogies it can get called developmental milestones or windows of opportunities. It is these periods in the child’s life when certain ability manifests itself strongly. During these periods, the child has an especially strong sensitivity towards a particular piece of knowledge or skill. The sensitivity lasts for a certain period and does not reoccur†. Sensitive Period for Order (age 18 months to 2 years) Sensitive Period for Language (birth to 6 years) Sensitive Period for Movement (birth to 4 years) Sensitive Period for Refinement of the Senses (birth to 5 years) Sensitive Period for Weaning (5 to 6 months) Sensitive Period for Numbers (4 to 5. 5 years) Sensitive Period for Manners and Courtesies (2 to 6 years) (Retrieved February 06, 2011, from http://www. dailymontessori. com/sensitive-periods/montessori-sensitive-periods/) This belief is very much alive still today in our society. In centers of, today infants are not just left to lie in their crib. We have areas that infants can crawl, touch, and discover new things. Another belief that Montessori implemented within her preschool was to make items assessable to the child. This meant having furniture that was suitable for the children size. Insuring the environment was safely brought down to a child’s level, so the child could take part in activities. Our current classrooms are set up in the same manner. You can see in the classrooms of today small tables and chairs, carpet areas where children can gather, and lower shelves, so that children can retrieve items simply. This change in the environment has also lead to the belief that children should have the freedom to choose what they want to learn about. We still demonstrate this today in choice time. Children make their choice of which interest center they will play in, by doing this a child can develop their skills, while developing confidence in themselves to my choices. This is a way of accommodating the child’s needs, and not forcing regimented education upon a child. Montessori also had the belief of training the senses on practical life (Gordon and Browne 14). We see this in interest centers.

The Past of Pay is Paid

The Past of Pay is Paid The Past of Pay is Paid The Past of Pay is Paid By Maeve Maddox A reader expresses dismay at lapses in the spelling of the past form of the verb pay:    An article in the Burlington (VT) Free Press today had  this heading:   Isle La Motte to vote on spending repayed funds. [W]hen did repayed become an acceptable word?   The answer, of course, is that it hasn’t. Note: a Free Press reader pointed out the misspelling on the paper’s site: repayed Who buyed your English classes? and the misspelled word was promptly corrected. Our DWT reader offers another, more unfortunate example: My friends son received a report card from his teacher that read:   Tate payed attention in class.   Language changes and irregular verbs morph into regular verbs with -ed endings, but some words are in such frequent use that the older forms endure. It’s difficult to understand how someone educated as a teacher or a journalist could fail to master such a basic irregular spelling as paid. The OED does include the spelling â€Å"payed† as a form used â€Å"chiefly in the nautical sense†: pay: v. To smear or cover (a wooden surface or join, esp. the seams of a ship) with pitch, tar, or other substance, so as to make watertight or resistant to damage. Also (occas.) with over. Merriam-Webster lists â€Å"payed† as a past form used for another nautical expression: pay: to slacken (as a rope) and allow to run out For the everyday sense of pay as remuneration, the past tense is paid. Two other common verbs ending in -ay that also change the y to i in the past are say and lay: say/said/have said lay/laid/have laid Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions26 Feel-Good Words

How to Write a Narrative Essay on Arranged Marriages in India

How to Write a Narrative Essay on Arranged Marriages in India Writing a narrative essay fulfills one of the three main forms of writing tasks you will encounter during your academic career. The narrative is an opportunity for you to write a story about your personal life inside of which you draw a connection to the themes you are reviewing in the classroom. When reviewing the item of arranged marriages in India, it is incumbent upon you to search carefully for a topic from your personal life, a story or experience, that you can relate to the themes which are embodied in this cultural tradition. Being a young student likely means you have never been forced into marriage yourself, but perhaps you have been involved in a marriage, or seen a marriage personally fall apart when the two people involved are not in love. While arranged marriages may not be as prevalent across western countries today, there are still social stigmas for those who have children out of wedlock to marry, something which you might relate strongly to the themes presented in y our classroom study. Review Themes For narrative pieces, you are challenged to look deeply into the text or texts you are studying, to review the multiple themes you might find within a book or story and to relate those to your personal experiences. Take some time to reflect upon the emotional struggles, social statuses, or economic problems that a family might face in such a situation as an arranged marriage, or review the personal struggle one might have to please one’s family and uphold traditions versus seeking personal happiness. You can find a story in your personal life where you were also conflicted with regard to doing what makes you happy and meeting with the expectations of your family. This is the type of story which will show to your teacher a greater understanding of the themes presented in your classroom readings. If you can’t formulate a clear topic, look through the suggested ones. They will certainly give you some idea. Use Personal Stories This type of writing is one which requires no research or references. You do not have to sit in the library for hours poring over books. You are, instead, asked to explore your creative writing talents, to bring to life a story or event from your personal life as the evidence you are using to explore a specific theme or topic. For the exploration of arranged marriages in India, you might pick the aforementioned theme of pleasing your family and present to the reader the argument that meeting family expectations means forgoing personal happiness, or that it brings a new form of personal happiness. From there you would, instead of showing a quote from an expert or a statistic as your evidence, show your personal story as the supporting detail. Working with Prompts In some cases your teacher will provide you with a prompt. They might ask you to describe a time when you overcame a personal challenge, or when you learned a hard life lesson, or when you experienced some form of discrimination. You might be asked to write a story about how your personality was changed from a single experience. If you are given a prompt like this, your goal is still the same; you want to show your point with a story from your personal life, but one which also conforms to the prompt pertaining to your reading. If you are not given such prompts, use our facts on arranged marriages in India. They will give you the information you lack. Visit our professional essay writing company  from which you can order a custom written narrative paper on any topic!

D2 Review course assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D2 Review course assignments - Essay Example Unit 2 assignment requires the learner to create a memo that describes the strategic decision-making process in an organization, particularly the criteria used in making and testing of the assumptions held by decision makers. The information needed will be obtained through secondary data analysis, particularly browsing the web and reading textbooks. This assignment will improve the skills of the learner in making critical decisions in an organization as a manager or executive. Unit 3 assignment requires one to develop a job grading schedule for appraising the performance of Frontline supervisors (Beck, 2013). To obtain the information on grades and weights for each item, a survey will be conducted in personnel management firms. This assignment information will boost the learner’s personnel management skills, concerning performance management and job evaluation. Unit 4 assignment requires the learner to complete an assessment measuring program-level learning outcomes. The evaluation information will be answered based on the opinion of the student about expectations and experiences in the program. This will facilitate the improvement of the program to reflect current market experiences and skills needed for management students. Unit 5 assignments involve a comparison of the two organizations on various business aspects, mainly organizational strategic management processes, design, culture and management styles (Charles Hill, 2012). The data required for this assignment will be obtained through a survey of the two organizations. The analysis will enhance the learners strategic planning and implementation skills in different companies in a dynamic

Three Steps To Start a New Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Three Steps To Start a New Business - Term Paper Example During times such as this, small starts up businesses are advantaged because the opportunities in a recession are numerous (Bradberry, 2011). However, first step entrepreneurs should follow three steps. These are creating the business identity, registering the business, and funding the enterprise. The first step involves refining the business idea. While most entrepreneurs are stuck in wondering how to begin, simply thinking of opening a business is the beginning. What entrepreneurs must contend with is that there will always be challenges in starting a business (Ready, 2011). In order to be successful at this point, the entrepreneur must define the concept of their business. The entrepreneur will have to make a decision on the form of business they will create. This can be a limited company, a partnership, or a sole-proprietorship, the simplest of which is sole-proprietorship. At this point, do what you know. Think about your past actions in terms of the way you can transform them i nto products and services. There are three main aspects here. One should emulate what others have done, do what feels best for one’s situation, and aim to solve a common problem. In addition, the business plan needs to be worked on in its entirety at this point. This will help the entrepreneur in gaining confidence, focus, and clarity (Butler, 2008). In a sole entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur will have personal liability for the business’ debt, although he/she will earn all the profit. Sole proprietorship is relatively inexpensive with low formation costs, as well as not having to file accounts or have them audited by government-accredited agencies (Butler, 2008). If an individual is in business with another entrepreneur, then the individuals can form a partnership. In this case, both will be jointly liable for debts accrued as partners. Taxation is done separately for each partner; while this form of business owners can have limited liability for the purpose of debt s. Partnerships also have more formal structures as compared to a sole proprietorship. These must be registered with the relevant government agency. They could also decide to form an LLC, in which case their liability is limited to how many shares the individual entrepreneur has bought. This is the most expensive with registration and account costs, taxable profits, and separate taxation for each of the entrepreneur’s dividends and salary (Butler, 2008). After giving an identity to the business, he/she wants to start, the entrepreneur should then move on to the regulatory and legal requirements that they require to fulfill. First, they must register with a government agency for the purposes of the national insurance, tax, and their PAYE payments (Broad, 2012). In addition, the entrepreneur will need to get a VAT registration PIN. With regards to VAT, the government has various schemes for different entrepreneurs. If one chooses to be part of a partnership, then he or she will have to outsource to an accounting organization. This is important for protection of each partner in case of liability claims. These accountants are trained and certified with professional qualifications in public accounts. The choice of accounting firm will be important in relation to the nature of the business since every accounting firm has a unique way of member

Economics of Environment and Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics of Environment and Energy - Essay Example This applies especially to those who only view environmental concerns, as anti-economic Transitioning to a low carbon economy is indispensable if the world is to continue uninterrupted by environmental degradation. Researchers have made a prediction that continued greenhouse gas emissions would result in a rise of temperature by 6Â °C before 22nd century. This temperature rise will result in problems such as drought and floods, global instability, public health related deaths and rampant migrations of people. All these problems will befall the world community including the UK. For the world to avoid these disastrous effects, global carbon dioxide emissions must fall to at least 50% below the levels of 1990 by the year 2050 (DECC, 2011,pp 3). This will ensure that world temperatures will not rise more than 2Â °C. In some past UN talks, the European Union promised to cut carbon dioxide emissions to 20% below the levels of 1990 by the year 2020. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions and fund emissions cuts in developing countries, the European Union has created the world’s largest emissions scheme (Leticia et al, 2012). The transition to reduce carbon dioxide emissions will happen but not without challenges. The UK will face the challenge of getting alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly to run industries. Climate change needs urgent solutions to prevent ecological catastrophes, political and economic instability, and human suffering. According to Lund (2009, p.88), efforts to minimize greenhouse gas emissions will provide international security and improve energy, new economic opportunities, a fair society and a better environment. This paper will deal with energy consumption trends and prices in the UK, role of competitive markets in delivering the low carbon economy and government’s intervention in fostering the economy. The trends in energy consumption and prices have been on the rise in the whole world with the challenges of employing the use of environmentally sources of energy. Energy production of 2010 was down by 5.3% compared to the 2009 production in the United Kingdom (DECC, 2012, pp 2). Energy consumption normally becomes high during cold seasons, and thus in a cold year we expect a rise in energy consumption. This happens because people use lots of energy to keep warm their dwellings during cold times. In 2010, the final energy consumption rose by 4.4% while primary consumption of energy was up by 3.2%. However, the primary consumption on the temperature-adjusted basis fell down by 0.4 per cent. This happened because the average temperatures of the year 2010 were 1.1Â °C below those of 2009. The year 2010 saw the UK remaining a net energy importer, importing 28 per cent of its energy requirement. Because of reduced nuclear output due to outages, imports of liquefied natural gas increased. The tables below show the final energy consumption in the year 2010. By users Sector Percentage Transport 35.0 Domestic 30.5 Non-energy use 5.5 Iron and steel industry 1.0 Other industries 16.5 Other final users 11.5 By fuels Type of fuel Percentage consumption Natural gas 33.0 Electricity 17.5 Petroleum 45.5 Others 4.0 The final total energy consumption was 159.1 million tones of oil equivalent. From the tables, we can see that UK had increased dependency on fossil fuels, and the transport sector was the leading consumer of total energy consumption. In the fourth quarter of 2011, total energy production fell by 13% as compared to the productions in the

Group Development Model Essay Example for Free

Group Development Model Essay You are required to organize your company dinner. The company has chosen 20 people from various departments to be in the dinner committee. Using a group development model, discuss the stages that the group will go through from the beginning to the end of the task (organizing dinner). A group is defined as two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals. Formal groups are working groups defined by the organizational structure that have designated work assignment and task. Informal groups are groups that is independently formed to meet the social needs of their members. There are five stages in a group development model which are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. The forming stage in which people join the group and then define the group’s purpose, structure and leadership. Team members tend to behave quite independently. The members of the team get to know one another, exchange some personal information, and make new friends. Supervisors of the team tend to need to be directive during this phase. From 20 people, I will decide who is going to be decorating sub committee, food sub committee, funding sub committee, marketing sub committee, program sub committee, and volunteer sub committee. Because of they are from different departments, they tend to know each other first before they start working. They have to determine what activities and programs are already in place and serving the needs of the community. Determine the need for the dinner and availability of resources. The next stage is storming. Storming stage characterizes by intragroup conflicts and disagreement among group members. Team members open up to each other and confront each others ideas and perspective. Normally tension, struggle and sometimes arguments occur. Supervisors of the team during this phase may be more accessible, but tend to remain directive in their guidance of decision-making and professional behavior. All the subcommittee has to set goals for the dinner. They have to know their target population and their desired objective or outcome. They have to brainstorm ideas and at this stage all ideas are good ideas. They also can explore the idea of partnership to share the workload or get mileage out of the work they do. The third stage of group development is norming stage. It is characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness. The team manages to have one goal and come to a mutual plan for the team at this stage. Some may have to give up their own ideas and agree with others in order to make the team function. In this stage, all team members take the responsibility and have the ambition to work for the success of the teams goals. The sub committee now able to find a leader among them and establish a small but effective working group with a broad range of skills that is able to function as a team. The subcommittee also has to compare the skills and abilities of the committee members against the task to be performed to determine what training is required. Besides that, they have to determine the actual fiscal resources necessary. The fourth stage of group development is performing stage when the group is fully functional and work on group tasks. The team members are now competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision. Supervisors of the team during this phase are almost always participative. Even the most high-performing teams will revert to earlier stages in certain circumstances. At this stage, all sub committees implement what they plan before. They are co-operating together and help each other to succeed the dinner. Each member knows their responsibilities and tasks. The marketing subcommittee has to publicize to catch the attention of their target group and make them want to seek more information about the dinner. The program subcommittee has to make sure all needed material such as equipment is on hand and in good working order. The final stage of group development stage is adjourning stage which group members are concerned with wrapping up activities rather than task performance. This stage involves completing the task and breaking up the team.

Social Work Case Study | Essay

Social Work Case Study | Essay Case study: Jenny Eleanor This essay will focus on the current situation of Jenny, a single parent, and Eleanor, her six year old daughter, who currently live on a large local authority housing estate. Whilst close attention will be paid to their situation and the needs arising out of it, it is not the substantive function of this paper to prescribe specific courses of action in their case only. Rather, it is to identify and discuss the issues raised by their case, considering the appropriate social work processes, policy, and legal framework. Overall, it will be argued that there are two significant issues to be explored through the circumstances of Jenny and Eleanor’s case. Firstly, the nature and effectiveness of multi-agency working in education and the human services, and secondly, the problems faced by these professionals when adults, either deliberately or through incapacity, are not fully cooperative in ensuring the appropriate care of their child. As McCullough points out, ‘Throughout th e UK, provision and means of delivering children’s services have been changing profoundly. Predominant among the reasons driving these changes is concern about the way in which children are kept safe.’ (McCullough 2007: p.27) The paper will therefore discuss these issues, taking into account how such issues may be dealt with in a context of evidence-based and anti-discriminatory practice. In the first instance it may be helpful to include a brief synopsis of the known facts about Jenny and Eleanor’s situation, as a guide to identifying their needs. The case study reports that they are from a White British background: they live in a local authority housing estate which, it is stated, is regarded as ‘rough’, i.e. socially problematical and economically deprived. This categorization is not supported by any objective assessment, such as referral to any social scales or indices, and so appears rather unscientific and possibly discriminatory. Jenny and Eleanor have experienced five different housing placements in the last seven years. Jenny has been the victim of domestic violence, both in previous relationships and from Derek, her current partner and Eleanor’s father. Eleanor was unfortunately the witness to many of the assaults on her mother, and is herself thought to have been the subject of violence from her father. As the result of one of the assault on Jenny, Derek was awarded two year custodial sentence, and is currently expected to be released in four months time: he requested contact with Eleanor whilst in custody. Eleanor is enrolled at a local primary school, where records reveal that her attendance is low and represents a cause for concern: she has appeared withdrawn, and on occasions been violent towards other pupils. Furthermore, the school nurse has registered concerns about Eleanor’s development. In the light of these facts, it is now up to the relevant services to make the appropriate arrangements, using such measures as the statutory and policy frameworks allow. One of the principle factors in their immediate future the matter of Derek’s release from custody is beyond the control of those agencies immediately involved in Jenny and Eleanor’s welfare, so it is up to them to make their dispositions accordingly in the light of this contingency. What follows is a discussion of the relevant issues as they arise out of the jurisdictions, expertise, and responsibilities of the various agencies involved. This discussion will start with the subject who is likely to be of most concern to the educational and human services, i.e. the most vulnerable individual, Eleanor. As a six year old, she is the only person in the situation who does not have self-determination, is consequently reliant on the various agencies appointed for her care: it is now up to them to ensure this is ensured. As Myers-Blair points out, ‘The basic equipment for emotional development (physical and neural) is present at birth, and in a very diffuse way emotional behaviour begins at birth, or perhaps even before.’ (Myers-Blair, 1975: p.60). The immediate concerns over Eleanor’s welfare devolve upon two separate but related spheres: her school and home life. The relevant professionals must unravel the intertwining requirements and responsibilities inherent in this situation. However, as the Department for Children, Schools and Families itself acknowledges, ‘The professional background of workers is both a strength and a barrier to multi-agency working. As each profession has developed its own language and body of knowledge, it not only serves to provide a professional identity but can alienate those outside the profession who do not share their language or way of thinking. Professionals also develop a different way of working in order to achieve their aims.’ (DCSF, 2007: p.5) Obviously, all of these considerations must proceed from the basis that Eleanor is physically safe, with possible physical abuse from Derek, the previously violent partner, being the most obvious threat to this. If sufficient evi dence of this threat is assembled, then the multi-agency effort is largely irrelevant, since the Local Authority, through the Social Services Directorate, will have a clear responsibility to act accordingly under sections 27 and 17 of the Children Act 1989, and remove her from the situation. The decision as to whether any contingent arrangements involve Eleanor only, or Eleanor and Jenny, will depend on the perceived or actual threat, and Jenny’s position in relation to this. As Asen pointedly reminds us, ‘When professionals are unable to decide whether to let the children remain with its natural family or not, this indecisiveness can be abusive in its own right: it leaves the child in a situation of limbo – which in some cases can last years – further adding to the child’s emotional or physical suffering.’ (Asen, 2000: p.227) Depending upon how matters proceed in relations between Jenny and Derek, Social Services will also be responsible for the next level of care, i.e. ensuring that Eleanor is not suffering from any forms of neglect or subsidiary abuse arising out of the situation. Assuming that this situation is being monitored, the weight of responsibility shifts back into the educational environment: this is not to say that the social worker loses control of the situation, or becomes less relevant to Eleanor’s care: quite the contrary. In fact, by virtue of the serious nature of Eleanor’s home situation, they may well become the ‘lead professional’ within the multi-agency effort, as will be discussed below. It is simply the case that the all the professionals involved effectively have their actions governed by overlapping and interlocking statutes. At present, the latter stipulate that Eleanor should be in school: that school will almost certainly be a mainstream school, i.e. not a PRU (Pupil Referral Unit) or other specialized facility: furthermore, the law provides that every professional effort should be made to ensure that Eleanor is supported in achieving the expected educational progress. This in essence is where the social w ork and educational efforts will interact: since achievement of the expected progress will hinge upon Eleanor’s mental and physical well-being, as well as her innate cognitive ability, the home and school environments will become linked around this effort. The essential point here is that the social services case worker will be reliant on the judgment and expertise of the school based professionals with respect to Eleanor’s learning and emotional well-being. This is very much an open-ended process: a number of successive measures and support systems will have to be put into place before any alternative or specialized provision is even considered. In the first instance, the school’s Child Protection Officer – usually the Headteacher in the context of a Primary school like Eleanor’s – will feedback directly to Social Services, if there is any evidence of abuse. The school Special Educational Needs Coordinator will subsequently be responsible f or ascertaining whether or not Eleanor has any educational or emotional special needs: if so, she must have an IEP (Individual Education Plan) classified as Step One, Two or Three, depending on their severity. The latter will also determine whether or not Eleanor may require a Statutory Statement of Educational Needs (usually referred to simply as a ‘statement’). If so, she may qualify for additional support through the Local Educational Authority’s Statutory Assessment Office. This in turn will involve the Educational Psychology Service, who will have to make a formal assessment based on observation of Eleanor in a school context. If it is deemed appropriate, she will also be referred to the Primary Behaviour Support Service, the School’s Pastoral Support Service, the Family Support Service, and the Primary Mental Health Service. What are the implications of these potential multiple referrals from a practical point of view? As the DCFS guidance advises, ‘It is the processes involved in building relationships between agencies and between providers of services and the communities they serve, which is vital, because this is where the real work has to be done. It is a real challenge to us all, not least finding the time and space to work on these issues when many services are provided from at least 8 am to 6 pm, five days a week.’ (DCSF, 2007: p2). What this euphemizes is the attempted integration of services which proceed from a series of parallel and successive statutes. This include the Children Act 1989, the Children Act 2004, the Education Act 2002, the Learning and Skills Act 2000, the Disability and Discrimination Act 1995, The Special Educational Needs Code of Practice 2001, the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001, and the Data Protection Act 1998. The school based effort, into which the social worker must be integrated, is built around the role of the Inclusions Officer, who must in turn convene a school-specific inclusions team comprised of all the practitioners involved. Whilst all of this sounds fine on paper, the practical challenges of coordinating the support and care of a child in Eleanor’s situation cannot be underestimated. Take, for example, the role of the Lead Professional itself. As the Children’s Workforce Development Council concedes, ‘A lead professional is not a job title or a new role, but a set of functions to be carried out as part of the delivery of effective integrated support.’ (CWDC, 2007: p.5). In other words, the role is titular only and attracts no timetabling facility or resources, but must run parallel – and crucially, in addition to – the practitioner’s other responsibilities. As the CWDC frankly puts it, ‘†¦clear communication is necessary between both services so that the individual is not overwhelmed with lead professional and caseload responsibilities. Speak to your manager to ensure that they take account of any lead professional responsibilities in setting yo ur workload, and that your performance in delivering the lead professional functions is recognized and recorded.’ (CWDC 2007: p.2, para 3.14). This is far more than a Human Resources issue however. The whole rationale of the multi-agency movement and Every Child Matters initiative is to mitigate the kind of short-circuits, doublings-up and straightforward mismanagement which contributed to the Victoria Climbie tragedy. As McCullough reminds us, ‘In Laming’s detailed and damning report, twelve different occasions were identified when appropriate intervention by one or more of these agencies could have saved Victoria’s life†¦in his summing up, Laming noted that â€Å"the legislative framework for protecting children is basically sound. I conclude that the gap is not a matter of law but in its implementation.†.’ (McCullough 2007: p.28). The problem is that whilst the role of the lead practitioner is non-statutory, the responsibilities accru ed by the incumbent are not. As the CWDC again concedes, ‘†¦There are particular implications for staff who may be working part-time in a multi-agency setting and part-time in their home agency.’ (CWDC 2007: p.2, para 3.14). Arguably then, the same issues which underlay Victoria’s death are potential factors in any such case, including Eleanor’s. The mere creation of a job title, i.e., Lead Practitioner, or mechanisms such as the Common Assessment Framework, guarantees nothing if the staff involved are overstretched, unsupported and undirected. The fact that Jenny has cancelled two possible contact appointments so far is disappointing, and may well represent an impediment to the advancement of Eleanor’s care in the future. At present however, it does not constitute an insurmountable barrier to the coordinated effort of the multi-agency team, and definitely is not a pretext for inaction on their part. As the school has noted, Eleanor’s emotional well-being is questionable, indicating a serious potential impediment to her progress. As Meadows indicates, ‘Certain emotional states are frequent and salient, and become parts of feeling about the self, so that they can then influence a wide range of behaviours, such as perception, emotional expression, cognitive processing and social relations.’ (Meadows, 2006: p.438) Instruments in an around the curriculum, such as the SEAL (Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning) programme may be used to help Eleanor externalize and come to terms with the events whic h have shaped her experience: essentially these means must be tried in order to redress any lack of emotional support she is receiving at home. As Maslow points out, ‘†¦thwarting of these needs produces feelings of inferiority, of weakness, and of helplessness. These feelings in turn give rise to either basic discomfort, or else compensatory or neurotic trends.’ (Maslow, 1970: P.1) Also, as Samuels reminds us, ‘Basically, if the child’s needs are not met appropriately at each developmental level, the psyche becomes unable to adequately regulate self-esteem by the use of adequate mechanisms.’ (Samuels, 1977: p. 35). The problem is that, whilst the statutory framework stipulates that the school is currently the focus of support for Eleanor’s needs, the latter obviously do not stop there. As Schaefer et al. observe, since behavioural problems in the home usually precede those occurring elsewhere, part of the focus has to be behaviour in the home.’ (Schaefer et al. 1984 p.96). Consequently, whilst ‘Inter-Professional Collaboration’ has to be an overriding consideration for the social worker, it is likely to be the case worker themselves who initiates much of the strategic action, such as the proposed ‘cold-call’ home visit. The focus on Eleanor does not of course mean that Jenny’s needs, as an individual or as a parent, can be overlooked. A holistic approach, encapsulated within an action plan and developed with the Family Therapy or Support Service will be required. However, for environmental as much as professional reasons, as will be discussed below , Eleanor must remain the primary concern within this case. As this conclusion is being written, the manifest weaknesses of the supposedly revamped multi-agency framework have been revealed in the most devastating manner: through the death of a seventeen-month child, who was in the Child Protection Register’s ‘at risk’ category. 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