Product Engineering and Design Review Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones

Introduction Product engineering and design is important because it allows consumers and manufacturers to interact through several ways. Adequately designed products are better selling, with certain designs also improving on the quality of some of the products. Some of the factors considered in product design and engineering include the use of the product, the target markets, and the durability of the same product.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Product Engineering and Design Review: Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case study, several products will be considered followed by a thorough analysis of their designs. Such products that the study considers include Coke bottles, running shoes (specifically Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe), air conditioner, dishwasher, and iPhones. Coke Bottles Description of the product This section provi des an analysis of the design of coke bottles. Coke bottles, as referred here are the glass bottles that the soft drink Coca-Cola Company uses to distribute its drinks. Some of the company employees constantly refer to the characteristic bottle that the company markets its beverage as the contour bottle, with others referring to it as the hobble skirt (Chan 2004). The bottle came into being about a century ago when the company asked the suppliers to engage in a competition to see who would produce a bottle that would be unique to the company. The competition bore fruit with the current design being made by one of the employees in the glass companies making the bottle. Material Selection The material used in the production is glass based on a number of factors and considerations. Glass may be fragile. However, it has a number of characteristics that make it suitable in the making of coke glass. Being transparent, glass contributes in the marketing of the beverage since consumers are able to distinguish the product and/or associate it with its quality and standard. It also gives the various products marketed in the same bottle a different look. Glass is also inert. It does not react with the contents of the bottle. This ensures that it is safe for human consumption. The Coca-Cola beverage marketed in the bottle would react with some of the common marketing materials, thus giving the product a distinct taste that may not be appealing to consumers. Another reason for the choice of glass over other materials is in the ease of recycling where the same bottle is used repeatedly to package the beverage. The company delivers the product to outlets, which in turn return the empty bottles to the company for refilling.Advertising Looking for case study on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Glass bottles are also durable. They can be used for many years without wear and tear, as opposed to other material s. Glass is also easy to clean and decontaminate after use. All the above reasons make glass the ideal material for the packaging of coke beverages. Manufacturing Methods The coke bottle is made in a number of companies around the world that are contracted by the mother company. The process of making these glass bottles has evolved over time, with the original hand blowing method being abandoned. The process is now mechanised, with most of the bottles being made from recycled glass. From the raw material, the process of melting takes place to allow the moulding of the obtained products.  Forming and annealing are the next processes, which are followed by physical inspection of the resultant product. The next step is the inspection of the product by the use of machines and lasers that discard the incomplete and poor quality bottles. In the conveyer belt, the bottles have to be inspected again physically, with this step being followed by the quality control process. The final stage before the bottles are supplied for beverage bottling is the packaging for the transport. Life Cycle Analysis In the life cycle analysis of a coke bottle, the bottle is sent for bottling of the Coca-Cola beverage after it has been manufactured. The beverage is then distributed to the retail markets in different parts of the world through the big supply outlets. Consumers access it through the retail markets when they want the beverage, after which the bottle is returned to the retailer. The company then gets it for refilling and marketing (PR 2011). Recyclability Coke bottles are some of the most available products for recycling. They are easily recycled to serve in the bottling of more beverages. Once a consumer uses the beverage, the bottle is returned to the supplier who sends it back to the company in exchange for full bottles (Smith-Teutsch 2009). The empty bottles are then refilled and reused. Broken bottles are also recycled, with new bottles being made from them. Some of the glasses used to make some of the bottles are more than 20 years old, only being available through recycling.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Product Engineering and Design Review: Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall Product Appeal The overall product appeal is very good. The brand is one of the most recognised anywhere in the world. The bottle contributes to the recognition accorded to the whole product. Only few people and countries are unable to recognise it. The brand is also the best selling in its class for many years by managing to kill competition by the easy and consistent design that it has kept over the years (Coca-Cola recycles all its Olympic bottles 2012). It is therefore right to say that the coke bottle is one of the most appealing of products in its class. Running Shoes: Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe Description of the Product Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe is one of the shoe brands that can be used in trail running. The shoe is a product of the Salomon Company, which has put decades into the manufacture of quality shoes. The latest trail shoes are made to be light for runners while at the same time offering protection from the feet. Trail running requires that the participants have well-fitting and comfortable shoes to minimise injury after a long run and/or reduce the impact on the ground. This shoe is designed especially for that, with a combination of several materials to make it desirable to users. Material Selection Traditionally, shoes have been made out of leather, with this being a way of making them durable and relatively comfortable (Larson 2013). Trail running however requires the runner to use the lightest shoes that are comfortable and durable at the same time. The material chosen in the manufacture of the Salomon Sense Mantra Trail Shoe has the above characteristic. It is suit able during trail running. The first material used is leather that is used to reinforce the meshwork at the front-upper part of the shoe that can be described as a breather. The mesh continues at the front of the shoe to a rubber part, which forms the toe box. The reason for use of rubber at this part of the shoe and other parts is to ensure comfort at the same spots during the running process. The tongue at the front of the shoe is made of lycra and nylon. This makes it thin and flexible (Trail Running 2013, p. 71). The heel is soft since it is made of rubber, which allows weight bearing and softer landing while out on the trail.Advertising Looking for case study on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Manufacturing Methods The shoes are manufactured using state of the art technology at the company factory, with the materials being widely available. The materials used in the manufacture of the sole are mainly ethylene vinyl acetate, which is mixed with other materials such as silicon and polyurethane for more comfort, durability, and aesthetic appeal. The lower part of the sole is reinforced through the mixing of the above materials with carbon rubber, with this making it durable and allowing it to bear stress. The upper covering is later made from the different materials named above depending on the part that is being made. The shoe is made in different colours by the dying of the complete product or using the dyed material. Leather that is used in the making of some of the parts is brought into the manufacturing plant when already cut and tanned. Life Cycle Analysis After the shoes are ready, the different sizes are put together for packaging in the appropriate boxes in readines s for sale and export. These are then loaded onto the waiting trucks and vans that distribute to the various outlets or the different retailers. They are also packed in large quantities in containers that are then loaded into ships for transfer to the international markets. Consumers have to buy the shoes from the designated outlets all over the world or in the shopping malls and retail outlets. The price is predetermined. Each of the retailers adds his or her costs. The end users are the consumers who can discard the shoe if they are no longer useful to them or pass them down to others. The shoes can also wear out necessitating replacement. Recyclability Although the shoes can be used for several years without wear and tear, the recyclability of the materials used is not very good. However, the rubber and the nylon could be recycled and used to make other products such as key holders. The shoes are therefore not easily recyclable. It would be an environmental concern if most of the people disposed them wrongly. The sole could be dismantled into the various component materials with these being used to make other shoes and wares. The process would however be expensive and tedious. Overall Product Appeal The product trail shoe is appealing to trail runners, with most of them preferring it to other brands of running shoes. The general reasons for preference include the light nature of the shoe, the durability, and the different designs that are available. They are also marketed as suitable for both on and off-road with minimal wear and tear. The other appealing characteristic of the shoes is the comfort they accord to the runners feet ensuring that they do not get the associated injuries. A number of runners also prefer the shoe brand because of the design that sets the shoe apart in the industry. It is considered more prestigious in relation to other shoes. The design has also attracted awards, with the shoe being voted the second best trail shoe (Dreher 2005) A ir Conditioner Air conditioner is a machine that allows air conditioning. Air conditioning refers to the equilibration of room temperature to provide comfort. Several companies manufacture the machine. It constitutes of a number of parts assembled together. Description of the product Air conditioner allows the cooling of rooms that would otherwise be too warm or hot, thus making it comfortable to live in these kinds of places. The machine cools rooms in a system that operates like a freezing system (Udagawa et al. 2013). In addition, it filters the air. Air conditioner can be set to a certain temperature. In fact, with the thermostatic control, it can ensure that the room is maintained at this given temperature. The main components of the air conditioning machine include the compressor that compresses the cooling fluid, the blower that contributes to the cooling of the air, and the cooling coils that radiate the heat to and from the machine. These work in concert to produce a unit t hat keeps rooms at a constant temperature. Material selection The material used in the construction of air conditioning machines is specially selected and has characteristics that allow the dissipation of heat from the room to the environment. Several materials are used in the construction of air conditioner. These include the metallic radiation tubes that allow the heat to be lost. Throughout the development of the machine, the materials selected have changed with time. This has been influenced by the discovery of materials that are more conductive and durable. The fluid used in the cooling system is also specially selected, with the requirement of being easily compressed. The machine is constructed on various principles. However, these depend on the maker of the machine. The two common principles that they work on include mechanical cooling and electromechanical cooling. The materials are then selected based on these two principles and the desire of the manufacturing company. Manu facturing Methods Various companies have established themselves in the manufacture of air conditioners, and these are especially the electronic companies. The methods used in the manufacture of air conditioners depend on the maker (Batterman et al. 2012). For a simple mechanical air conditioner, the coolant is put inside a pre-shaped system of cooling metallic tubes, which are then connected to a pump that drives the fluid inside the tubes and compresses it to give off heat. The process is then followed by the attachment of this system to several boxes that will be stationed in and out of the building to be cooled. A fan is attached to one end, which also rotates another fan on the opposite side. The process leads to the eventual cooling of air passing in between these systems. Life Cycle Analysis The completed air conditioners are packed after being manufactured at the manufacturing plants, with the different shapes and sizes being put in matching boxes with care. The packaged air conditioners are then transported to various outlets where the marketing of the same takes place. The outlets then distribute the units to the various retailers who then pass them to the willing buyers. The durability depends on several factors such as the current being used and the type of usage that they are put through. The air conditioner can be destroyed during transit or during use. Recyclability Most of the air conditioners are not recycled after use. However, the various components that make up the machines can be broken down after use and used to make other products. The fluid used as a coolant has been associated for a long time with pollution and global warming. Newer technologies are being used to replace it. It is possible to replace the cooling fluid in an effort to make other machines such as freezers and fridges, which could also be recycled. The casings used are mainly metallic, which can then be recycled after use to make other metallic products. Another part of th e machine that could be recycled is the pumping system, which could be used to make other air conditioners or metallic items. The process of separating the various components is however tedious and time consuming. In fact, it is rarely done. The machine also lasts for long periods. Overall Product Appeal Air conditioners are meant to keep the living quarters cool and fit for living in. The designs made by the various manufacturers try to impress and appeal to buyers through the shapes and sizes that they are made of by the company. Most of the machines are also spacious, thus taking up large spaces in rooms. They are therefore easily fitted in many rooms. Dishwasher A dishwasher is a mechanised system of washing dishes. It does not utilise manual washing. It is an easy way of washing a large number of utensils in restaurants and event in homes. Description of the Product A dishwasher is generally a compartment in which dirty utensils are put in and come out clean, and does not invol ve manual scrubbing. When the dirty utensils are loaded into this machine, hot water with some detergent is sprayed and used to clean the plates in the same manner that manual scrubbing would do. The machine allows the dishes to be washed from all sides, with rinsing being done at the end of it. Rinsing is done through spraying of warm water to the utensils, after the draining of the water used to wash (Zhifeng, Yang, Di Bo 2012). The drying of the utensils is later done. Most of the dishwashers employ the use of hot air. Several mechanisms are also used in the drying of the utensils being washed including the use of a rinse aid. Material Selection The materials used in the construction of a dishwasher have special characteristics depending on the manufacturer. Stainless steel is occasionally used in the railing of the washing compartment due to its special characteristics. The cabinet is also covered in insulation material that prevents the dissipation of heat to the outer cover. The outer cover is made of plastic and carbon fibre, with most of other dishwashers being metallic. A hot current element is used to heat the air and the water used in the washing of the utensils. A motor is used to rotate the spraying arms that wash the dishes. Depending on the size of the machine, metallic stands may be utilised to hold the weight and prevent collapse during use. Manufacturing Methods The manufacturing of dishwashers is not a simple process, and employs a number of skilled people and robotics. The various components of the dishwashers are manufactured independently as they await a later assembly process into the complete product (Dà ¶Ã„Ÿen et al., 2013). Some of the components that are constructed independently include the trays, the motors and the cabinets. The trays are made by welding of the stainless steel rods together, with the motor being made with electrical units. The cabinet that houses the whole unit is then constructed with the utilisation of metalli c boards, with the commonest used material being stainless steel. These components are later assembled in a factory, with a conveyor belt being used to mechanise the process. Life Cycle Analysis The lifecycle of the dishwasher begins after the exit from the manufacturing belt. From the manufacturer, they are stocked in retail markets and other electric outlets. Care is taken during the transit process, as the material is fragile and expensive. The main buyers of the dishwashers are the hotel owners who buy them to install into their hotels after construction or to replace worn out ones. Individuals also buy to replace the old and the broken ones in their homes. One can choose to fit the dishwashers on kitchen walls or place them on the top of stands. They last for several years. The durability depends on the manufacturer and utilisation in the final destination. Recyclability Materials used in the manufacture of the dishwashers are easily recycled, with the main recyclable material being the stainless steel. The available companies that can recycle the materials in a dishwasher play a crucial role towards making the environment safe (Zhang et al. 2010). The plastic over in the machine can be recycled to make simple utensils or other plastic appliances, and so can the glass that is usually used in the doors to the machines. The other recyclable parts include the pumps used in the dishwashers. These parts could be used to make other appliances such as cables and dishwashers. In the last few decades, the use of dishwashing technology has improved, with many countries manufacturing or assembling these items. Recycling is therefore important to prevent any environmental impact. Overall Product Appeal The overall appeal for the dishwasher is good. Most of people using the machine state that it makes washing easy and faster according to Richter (2011). There are different shapes and sizes that exist contributing to the overall appeal noticed for the product. Some of the largest consumer groups are the hotel operators. Their use of dishwashing technology has made the requirement of extra staff less. Dishwashers also come with different capabilities. People can also use them in private homes since they take up little space. iPhones Apple Inc has made a name for itself in the electronics industry. One of the company’s best-known products is the iPhone. The iPhone is a Smartphone that is designed by Apple Inc to run on its own operating system. The company released the first in its line in the year 2007. This product propelled the world into the Smartphone age that is currently prevailing. The gadget has several capabilities, including the standard texting and call applications Description of the Product The iPhone is a product that has been in the market for a considerable time now. It is a combination of the traditional phone technology with other capabilities. Some of the capabilities that he iPhone has include call and texting, a touch s creen that allows users to operate the device, and a gaming technology that is based on the ability to download applications. The touch screen allows for a virtual keyboard. The users can use this to operate the phone, a departure from the traditional manual keyboard that phones were built around.  Another capability includes the hosting of a Wi-fi receiver that allows owners to surf the internet and work online in the presence of a network. The phone has GPS navigation. This feature allows users to locate themselves and drive around without the worry of getting lost. The phone also has a clear camera that takes a number of shots and stores them in the internally constructed memory in addition to the external memory that can be removed. With the world currently going digital and most people being fans of social media, the phone allows easy and fast internet access, thus allowing users to interact through the social networks. Materials Selection The Apple iPhone is a revolutionary phone with many features and capabilities. Due to the requirement to perform these functions, the phone is made up of a number of smaller pieces that work as a unit to allow the functional capacity noted above. The integrated circuits are made from different material from the processors that make the technology possible (Pyungho 2011). Silicon is an important material in the construction of the iPhone. This material is used in the construction of the numerous small circuits that allow maximum function ability. The input and output devices in the phone are engineered with accuracy to feature some of the best in the industry.  The phone has sensors that allow motion controlled gaming, with the users enjoying the ability to use applications that feature these. There are also other sensors such as the proximity sensor. In the concept originally developed by Apple, users could easily deactivate the phone or unknowingly switch on other applications during the process of making calls. Th e presence of proximity sensors allows the prevention of this process. Other components include the ambient light sensor that helps save battery power and the accelerometer that allows changing of phone orientation. Manufacturing Methods The manufacture of the iPhone is a rigorous process. It takes the effort of over ten companies manufacturing the various components to come up with the device. Apple created the software that the phone runs on, which is also involved in the designing of the phone and some of its components. The company, however, contracts other companies in the industry to construct and install the various components that make the phone unique (Snell 2012). Some of the parts that are made by different manufacturers to be shipped for assembly include the screen, the processors, and the video processors. Apple however markets the phone as its products in agreement with the other companies. Life Cycle Analysis Technology is changing at an alarming rate. Newer technolog y is coming up now and then. The phone industry is also in high competition with the various manufacturers being involved in tight battles. The iPhone, based on the above consideration has its lifecycle being determined by some of the prevailing economic factors.  The life cycle of the phone begins with the manufacturing plant where packaging is done together with other components being packed in same containers. The next step is the distribution of the product. The phones are distributed internationally, with the various branches in the many countries being involved in the distribution and ordering. The retailers are the eventual link to the customers. The phone will then be used until the next model is out (Macworld 2009). Recyclability The iPhone has a number of parts and components. These are intricately put into position to make a working gadget. The recyclability of these materials and parts is not easy. The phone is generally hard to recycle. Some of the parts that could be recycled include the screens that are made of glass and the silicon integrated circuits. There are several limitations however to the recycling of the iPhones, which include the magnitude of the financial implications. There would have to be too many phones to be recycled. There are only a few million phones in use with these still being used. Overall Product Appeal The overall product appeal is good for the iPhone. In fact, the company that makes it has set a price tag that is suitable for the phone. A special reaction was also evident from consumers who anticipated the entry of the phone into the market. There were long queues of ready to buy consumers and this indicated the appeal that the phone had. In general, the appeal of the phone is good. Many of the users have expressed satisfaction of the product. They are also waiting or the next model. References Batterman, S, Du, L, Mentz, G, Mukherjee, B, Parker, E, Godwin, C, Chin, J, O’Toole, A, Robins, T, Rowe, Z Lewis, T 2012, ‘Particulate matter concentrations in residences: an intervention study evaluating stand-alone filters and air conditioners’, Indoor Air, vol. 22 no. 3, pp. 235-252. Chan, P 2004, ‘Design choice: Coca-Cola bottle’, Media: Asia’s Media Marketing Newspaper, vol. 1 no. 1, p. 15. Coca-Cola recycles all its Olympic bottles 2012, ENDS (Environmental Data Services), Sage, London. Dà ¶Ã„Ÿen, A, Kaplan, E, Oksà ¼z, Z, Serin, M, Ilkit, M de Hoog, G 2013, ‘Dishwashers are a major source of human opportunistic yeast-like fungi in indoor environments in Mersin, Turkey’, Medical Mycology: Official Publication Of The International Society For Human And Animal Mycology, vol. 51 no. 5, pp. 493-498. Dreher, B 2005, ‘Fall’s best trail shoes’, Health (Time Inc. Health), vol. 19 no. 8, pp. 45-46. Larson, D 2013, ‘Shoes’, Backpacker, vol. 41 no. 3, p. 54. Macworld, S 2009, ‘Apple Debuts iPhone 3G S, iPhone 3.0 ’, Macworld, vol. 26 no. 8, p. 16. PR, N 2011, ‘Chairs Made from Recycled Plastic Coca-Cola Bottles to Go on Display; 111 Navy Chair Is Icon at Tokyo Chair City Exhibition’, PR Newswire US, vol. 1 no. 1, p.1. Pyungho, K 2011, ‘The Apple iPhone Shock in Korea’, Information Society, vol. 27 no. 4, pp. 261-268. Richter, C 2011, ‘Usage of dishwashers: observation of consumer habits in the domestic environment’, International Journal Of Consumer Studies, vol. 35 no. 2, pp. 180-186. Smith-Teutsch, A 2009, ‘Coca-Cola using bottles made from plant materials’, Waste Recycling News, vol. 15 no. 15, p. 3. Snell, J 2012, ‘iPhone 5 Takes Next Step in Smartphone Evolution’, Macworld, vol. 29 no. 12, p. 28. Trail Running 2013, Outside, Routlege, London. Udagawa, Y, Sekiguchi, K, Yanagi, M, Uekusa, Naito, Y 2013, ‘Development of an Outdoor Air Cooling-Type Air-Cooled Package Air Conditioner for Data Centers’, ASH RAE Transactions, vol. 119 no. 1, pp. 1-9. Zhang, T, Wang, S, Sun, G, Xu, L Takaoka, D 2010, ‘Flow impact of an air conditioner to portable air cleaning’, Building Environment, vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 2047-2056. Zhifeng, L, Yang, G, Di, H Bo, L 2012, ‘Dishwasher’s environmental impact analysis and improvement by addressing EUP directive in China dishwasher manufactures’, International Journal Of Environmental Technology Management, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 61-78. This case study on Product Engineering and Design Review: Coke Bottles, Running Shoes, Air Conditioner, Dishwasher, and iPhones was written and submitted by user Georgia Schultz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Business Strategy and SWOT Analysis of Nike

Business Strategy and SWOT Analysis of Nike Executive Summary. Nike is a One of the leading company in the world which generally activated in design, development and global market with high quality of equipment, footwear and accessory products. Nike is one the biggest seller of athletic footwear and apparel in the world. The Nike is got the best position in the market to go with the approach of athletic market. The company is excavate into any niche in relates with sports market as well as technical breakthroughs, retailing, management of sports and sports promotions. Nike is now going into the particular market of the Pakistan. This is the best time for Nike to introduce its womens footwear, apparel and equipment for the womens of Pakistan because the womens are getting freedom in Pakistan. Pakistan is already one of the biggest supplier for the Nikes soccer. History of Nikes. 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Products of Nike can largely be scattered into two categories as footwear and equipment. The footwear has been sub characterized into various product lines including sports culture, running, basketball and soccer. Nike is doing their business in a very customer slanting market. This means that the requirement for the Nikes goods seriously depends on the attractiveness of the different fitness actions. The company adjusts incessantly their product mix in direct to meet demands. It manages its business cautiously, leading in hostile marketing styles and pioneering products. Nike Mission statement. our mission is to bring inspiration and and innovation to every athlete in the world if u have body, u are an athlete (My strategic plan,2008) Nike as Innovative Company. According to (S. Parkash Sethi,2003) Nike is one of the highly enterprunual and innovative company that is running on more than one ways it took all the relevancy and utilitarian in all purposes its aims to one type fits all Nike has the high tech and high quality footwear and athletic sports equipment for all seasons. Business Plan. Pakistan is the most passionate country in the world in terms of sports. It is the time for Nike to introduce his footwear and apparel for womens because womens of the Pakistan are now participating shoulder to shoulder with men in all fields of life. Most important challenges confronted women in Pakistan in the start of 1990s: rousingly  practical literacy, attainment access to service opportunities at all levels in the  economic, promoting revolutionize in the sensitivity of womens roles and status, and  getting hold of a public vote both inside and outside of the political process. Kiran khan and Robab Naz are considering role module for Pakistani womens. After the getting ranking in international ranking now Pakistani womens cricket is also very popular in the Pakistan. SWOT analysis. According to (Bohim,2008) Examining a company internal and external environmental is essential in the process of strategic planning the swot analysis which includes the analysis strength , weakness, opportunities and threats investigates both internal and external as well as positive and negative factors of a corporation on the basis of swot analysis a marketing strategy can be deverlped using corporate strengths as well as avoiding corporate weaknesses to enable a company to benefits from future opportunities with regards of future risk. Strengths Weaknesses Brand Name Dependent on footwear sale. Innovation. Dont have Nikes own retailers. Famous Spokespersons. Doesnt able to capture the local market like international market. Gradually growth Strong Research and development department. Opportunities Threats Jumped into recycling. Currency fluctuation Sunglasses and jewellery By the competitors alternative brands Maintaing e-co friendly envirement Companies financial status Market Segmentation. Market Segmentation is the process of identifying different group of users with in a market who could possibly be targeted with a separate products or marketing programs.(Michael j croft n.d ) Market Size. Pakistan with population of over 140 million has a demand of 220 million pairs of shoes annually. (Daily times, 2003) Pakistan have the population of 140 million and the Womens in that are 47.5% of the total. Location. Nikes targeted location is the Pakistani market particularly womens markets so they need to design the product according to the needs and of the Pakistani womens. Gender. Nikes targeted gender are the womens in the Pakistan that are the 47.5% of the total population that is the niche market for the Nikes and the Pakistani womens are not very much use to of exercise so they need to be very focused. Age Group. Nikes targeted customers are from all the group fellows. The products must be varied from every group the mostly used customers are the teenagers between 13 to 25. Religion. In Pakistan the majority of the Muslims and the other religions like Christians and Hindus are also have the customers in Pakistan. So the company needs to be care full the norms and values of the religion. Buying Power. The economy of the Pakistan is not so strong so the company needs to set their prices at that level where majority of people are willing to accept that product. Education. The education level is not fully up to standard but now a days Pakistan sloly and gradually going towards the bitterness and people are now able to under to understand the importance of health and safety. Cultural Influence and Business. Culture is the part of human action that is socially as opposed to gentacally transmitted. It comprises the idea through which we perceive and interpret the world, symbols we use to communicate thsese idieas, and institution which enable individuals to become socialised and satisfy their needs(David Needle 1994 ) The culture of the Pakistan is very rich and the company needs to look at the culture of Pakistan where womens are not mostly allowed to wear tide dress and so the company needs to understand the pros and norms of the particular culture and design the product according to the needs of that culture. PEST Analysis. http://www.learnmarketing.net/pestmarketing.jpg (Source,; website) According to (Management Bluffers 2000) Now a days environmental is changing day by day and its reached there where it wasnt before constantly changing the environmental make mangers job is so tough now a days. Thats why the PEST analysis is useful and simple tool for the manager where they can track the environmental changes impacts on the business it includes the social, Political , Economical ,and technological. It is difficult for others to resist comparison with (a) an inept user and (b) vermin to be eliminated. Political. Countries have both market and non-market environment. The market environment involves the interaction between households( or individuals ) and companies to allocate resources, free from governmental ownership or control. The non-market government agencies and government owned business ).(Johan D,Daniel , lee 1998) According to the current political situation of the Pakistan is trying to stable the economy of the country and if Nikes introduce new products into the market the market condition will be more better because the Nikes has the brand name in the footwear industry. Economical. Economics factors are affect the purchasing power of potential customer and firms cost of capital(John William, Curtis,2006) Nikes needs to consider the economic factor as a main role in Pakistan. During the year of 2008 Pak rupee value is decreased and Pakistan is facing the Bank crisis as well so company needs to have a very strong capital to face these situation. The company needs to consider the following steps. Current economic system in the Pakistan. Exchange rate and stability. Business cycle. Economic rate of growth Rate of unemployment Rate of Inflation. Social Factor. Social factors includes the demography of the people. How the people behave to towards the products and What are the norms and value of respective countries. In Pakistan womens are not allowed to go out for exercise so company needs to give the awareness and provide the facilities to the womens of Pakistan. Technological Factor. According to blab bulb is needs to be consider New purchasing mechanism New production technology New distribution mechanism New method of working Opportunities for new products to sell The Pakistan is developing country so the trend of online shopping is not so much popular in Pakistan still people go to the market for shopping so and distribution method is also same like people would like to by through suppliers chain. Competitors. No firm can exists in vacuum(Lay young Man,1998) It is really very important for the company to know who are their potential competitors and what the strategies they are using to capture the market as the CEO Philip kotler says a quite that business is a war without bullets. Nikes main competitors are in the Pakistan market are Addidas Puma Reebok And local Firms http://www.psfk.com/wp-content/uploads/HLIC/1ac79b884a0c8da1796d12e024fce542.jpg Although Nike is one of the biggest company in the world in soccer and footwear with a high brand name but its rival company Addidas giving really very tough time in china addidas take over china with 60% shares and Nikes is 2% behind the addidas but in Pakistan culture people are mostly brand oriented and Nike is already working in soccer industry in Pakistan so Nike has competitive advantage that Nike is contributing in the economy of the Pakistan. To introduce the new product into the market the company needs to analyse the the porter five forces as well to compete with rivals the company needs to understand and make a good strategy for these forces. Marketing Mix . The set of tools that management can use to influence sales(Philip Kotler) Every targeted market needs to be a exceptional marketing mix to convince the needs of the beleaguered consumer to achieve the firms goal the strategy must be followed by the each of the every single 4p and Because these four ps are the basics of the strategies that to achieve the firms goals. Nike also must follows this strategy to enter into the Market of Pakistan. Product. Nikes Product in respect of Pakistan market is the womens footwear and apparel Nikes needs to design the product as the demand of the market in Pakistan and needs to keep in mind the cultural barriers that are faced by the womens of Pakistan. Price. According to(Stafanie Hoffmen 2005) Price is a potential marketing mix because it has the direct impact on the consumer , economy and the company as well. The price is major indicator about the quality of the product. Due to depressed economy and like other developing countries people of Pakistan buying power is not so strong 98% people are living average level life so Nikes needs to set that price for the products that are acceptable by the majority of the population . Place or Distribution. Place or distribution strategies are concern with making product available when and where customer want them(Charlas W lamb,2009 ) In Pakistan the areas of capturing where the more output the company get is the main cities of Pakistan like Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad. These are the main markets for the Nikes to be captured. And needs to be the access able for the customers. Promotion. Promotion or Marketing communication is the component of marketing mix used to inform and persuade the targeted audience to buy or use and organization products promotion is the element in the marketing mix that communicates the key message to targeted audience(Richard barker, Gorge,nd ) In Pakistan Nikes has the best opportunity for promotion to use the Pakistani womens heros like Robab and Kiran khan and the Pakistani womens cricket team players to promote and products and the brand name in the country. The best method of advertising and promotion in Pakistan is electronic media. Recommendations. In current situation Pakistan market is niche for women footwear and apparel. According to the research. It is recommended that Nikes needs a very strong and tactical strategy for Pakistan because in Pakistan womens are getting rights but still that is a conservative country. Pakistan is an Islamic state where womens are not allowed to wear tides and bikinis and also in Pakistan only in big cities there are separate exercise clubs for the womens so Nikes also needs to develop health clubs and take a part in spreading the awareness of health issues. Pakistan market is good market but more than 80% population is under the poverty level so price needs to consider most in this.

Much Ado About Nothing: An Overview :: essays research papers

Much Ado About Nothing: An Overview It is a beautiful spring afternoon. The air is full of the radiance of freshly bloomed daisies and the energizing chill of the periodic spring breeze. Puffy large cumulus clouds fill the azure sky with gray thunderheads looming off in the distance. Looking down from the clouds, one can see a gathering of finely dressed people. Birds flying overhead hear the murmurs of the crowd gathered for a wedding of gentry. Shakespeare could never have planned the first scene of Act IV in Much Ado About Nothing so well. The serene sky overhead symbolizing the beauty and joviality of the occasion; dark rain clouds looming in the distance foreshadowing the mischief to come. Despite his inability to control weather patterns, Shakespeare developed marvelous scenes which he displayed in his own theater, The Globe. How did Shakespeare portray the emotional aspects of his characters and their strife to his audience? How did he direct the actors and what did the open air stage of The Globe look like? Imagine yourself in London circa 1600, a short year after the completion of the Globe Theater and perhaps a few months after the completion of the play Much Ado About Nothing, Act IV has just begun. Claudio and Hero are facing each other in front of a simple, yet anciently beautiful altar, garbed in Elizabethan costume fit for the occasion. Hero is wearing a long white dress with trailer and high neck which is adorned according to the fashion trends of the time. Claudio has donned a royal looking doublet with silver trim and hose to equally as majestic. Sitting on either side of the couple in ancient pews, shrouded in solemn silence, are Don Pedro the Prince of Aragon, Don John the Bastard, Leonato, Benedick, Beatrice and the attendants of Beatrice and Hero. Facing the couple, positioned in between them so the audience may hear him, is Friar Francis wearing a simple white robe and golden cross, his only posessions. Don Pedro wears a doublet ornately embroidered with golden designs. He is the only person on stage looking finer than Claudio, marking his royal blood to all. The others wear fine doublets and dresses, although not decorated elaborately, to show their respect for the wedding pair. Scene IV actually begins when Leonato stands and makes his brave but respectful request to the Friar to be brief with the ceremonies (IV i,l1). Knowing his duties, the Friar continues square-faced with the wedding by asking Claudio of his intentions to marry Hero (IV i,l5). Without hesitation Claudio responds, "No." (IV i,l6) He means that he does not intend to marry Hero.

Reflection on Theorists/Theories Essay

Maria Montessori bought us the theory of observation of children to open the door to a way of teaching. Arnold Gesell, who bought us the developmental milestones of children. Refer to as the norms, should be consider a starting point to measure development. Both still inspiring early educators of today. It is impressive that Maria Montessori is the first female physician in Italy. This endeavor was a major feat to achieve in her time. She provided great contributions to the cognitive-development theory. Not only did she achieve this accomplishment, she used her skills to aid the children of poverty and disabilities. This to me is a very courageous and endearing act. During her work with impoverished communities, she observed that the environment had no stimulation or structure for children to learn. This led her to embark on another adventure, she opened a preschool named Casa di Bambini in 1907. Maria Montessori formed her beliefs by observing children. One of Montessori’s beliefs, â€Å"In reality, the children are the teachers†. The adults were to create an environment conducive to learning. Once this environment is created the children would venture out and learn through play. This belief is still practiced in childcare facilities today. There are safety guidelines that each facility must abide by for the protection of all children. Complying with the safety regulations and ensuring children can be active and play without danger, in turn gives children a wondrous world to investigate. In her observations, she formed many other beliefs. One being education of children starts at birth and continues on in the early years of childhood. She called these years the â€Å"sensitive periods† (Gordon and Browne 14). The Daily Montessori web site writes, â€Å"Within Maria Montessori’s framework due to her studies with children, she has observed the occurrence of sensitive periods. In other pedagogies it can get called developmental milestones or windows of opportunities. It is these periods in the child’s life when certain ability manifests itself strongly. During these periods, the child has an especially strong sensitivity towards a particular piece of knowledge or skill. The sensitivity lasts for a certain period and does not reoccur†. Sensitive Period for Order (age 18 months to 2 years) Sensitive Period for Language (birth to 6 years) Sensitive Period for Movement (birth to 4 years) Sensitive Period for Refinement of the Senses (birth to 5 years) Sensitive Period for Weaning (5 to 6 months) Sensitive Period for Numbers (4 to 5. 5 years) Sensitive Period for Manners and Courtesies (2 to 6 years) (Retrieved February 06, 2011, from http://www. dailymontessori. com/sensitive-periods/montessori-sensitive-periods/) This belief is very much alive still today in our society. In centers of, today infants are not just left to lie in their crib. We have areas that infants can crawl, touch, and discover new things. Another belief that Montessori implemented within her preschool was to make items assessable to the child. This meant having furniture that was suitable for the children size. Insuring the environment was safely brought down to a child’s level, so the child could take part in activities. Our current classrooms are set up in the same manner. You can see in the classrooms of today small tables and chairs, carpet areas where children can gather, and lower shelves, so that children can retrieve items simply. This change in the environment has also lead to the belief that children should have the freedom to choose what they want to learn about. We still demonstrate this today in choice time. Children make their choice of which interest center they will play in, by doing this a child can develop their skills, while developing confidence in themselves to my choices. This is a way of accommodating the child’s needs, and not forcing regimented education upon a child. Montessori also had the belief of training the senses on practical life (Gordon and Browne 14). We see this in interest centers.

The Past of Pay is Paid

The Past of Pay is Paid The Past of Pay is Paid The Past of Pay is Paid By Maeve Maddox A reader expresses dismay at lapses in the spelling of the past form of the verb pay:    An article in the Burlington (VT) Free Press today had  this heading:   Isle La Motte to vote on spending repayed funds. [W]hen did repayed become an acceptable word?   The answer, of course, is that it hasn’t. Note: a Free Press reader pointed out the misspelling on the paper’s site: repayed Who buyed your English classes? and the misspelled word was promptly corrected. Our DWT reader offers another, more unfortunate example: My friends son received a report card from his teacher that read:   Tate payed attention in class.   Language changes and irregular verbs morph into regular verbs with -ed endings, but some words are in such frequent use that the older forms endure. It’s difficult to understand how someone educated as a teacher or a journalist could fail to master such a basic irregular spelling as paid. The OED does include the spelling â€Å"payed† as a form used â€Å"chiefly in the nautical sense†: pay: v. To smear or cover (a wooden surface or join, esp. the seams of a ship) with pitch, tar, or other substance, so as to make watertight or resistant to damage. Also (occas.) with over. Merriam-Webster lists â€Å"payed† as a past form used for another nautical expression: pay: to slacken (as a rope) and allow to run out For the everyday sense of pay as remuneration, the past tense is paid. Two other common verbs ending in -ay that also change the y to i in the past are say and lay: say/said/have said lay/laid/have laid Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions26 Feel-Good Words

How to Write a Narrative Essay on Arranged Marriages in India

How to Write a Narrative Essay on Arranged Marriages in India Writing a narrative essay fulfills one of the three main forms of writing tasks you will encounter during your academic career. The narrative is an opportunity for you to write a story about your personal life inside of which you draw a connection to the themes you are reviewing in the classroom. When reviewing the item of arranged marriages in India, it is incumbent upon you to search carefully for a topic from your personal life, a story or experience, that you can relate to the themes which are embodied in this cultural tradition. Being a young student likely means you have never been forced into marriage yourself, but perhaps you have been involved in a marriage, or seen a marriage personally fall apart when the two people involved are not in love. While arranged marriages may not be as prevalent across western countries today, there are still social stigmas for those who have children out of wedlock to marry, something which you might relate strongly to the themes presented in y our classroom study. Review Themes For narrative pieces, you are challenged to look deeply into the text or texts you are studying, to review the multiple themes you might find within a book or story and to relate those to your personal experiences. Take some time to reflect upon the emotional struggles, social statuses, or economic problems that a family might face in such a situation as an arranged marriage, or review the personal struggle one might have to please one’s family and uphold traditions versus seeking personal happiness. You can find a story in your personal life where you were also conflicted with regard to doing what makes you happy and meeting with the expectations of your family. This is the type of story which will show to your teacher a greater understanding of the themes presented in your classroom readings. If you can’t formulate a clear topic, look through the suggested ones. They will certainly give you some idea. Use Personal Stories This type of writing is one which requires no research or references. You do not have to sit in the library for hours poring over books. You are, instead, asked to explore your creative writing talents, to bring to life a story or event from your personal life as the evidence you are using to explore a specific theme or topic. For the exploration of arranged marriages in India, you might pick the aforementioned theme of pleasing your family and present to the reader the argument that meeting family expectations means forgoing personal happiness, or that it brings a new form of personal happiness. From there you would, instead of showing a quote from an expert or a statistic as your evidence, show your personal story as the supporting detail. Working with Prompts In some cases your teacher will provide you with a prompt. They might ask you to describe a time when you overcame a personal challenge, or when you learned a hard life lesson, or when you experienced some form of discrimination. You might be asked to write a story about how your personality was changed from a single experience. If you are given a prompt like this, your goal is still the same; you want to show your point with a story from your personal life, but one which also conforms to the prompt pertaining to your reading. If you are not given such prompts, use our facts on arranged marriages in India. They will give you the information you lack. Visit our professional essay writing company  from which you can order a custom written narrative paper on any topic!

D2 Review course assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D2 Review course assignments - Essay Example Unit 2 assignment requires the learner to create a memo that describes the strategic decision-making process in an organization, particularly the criteria used in making and testing of the assumptions held by decision makers. The information needed will be obtained through secondary data analysis, particularly browsing the web and reading textbooks. This assignment will improve the skills of the learner in making critical decisions in an organization as a manager or executive. Unit 3 assignment requires one to develop a job grading schedule for appraising the performance of Frontline supervisors (Beck, 2013). To obtain the information on grades and weights for each item, a survey will be conducted in personnel management firms. This assignment information will boost the learner’s personnel management skills, concerning performance management and job evaluation. Unit 4 assignment requires the learner to complete an assessment measuring program-level learning outcomes. The evaluation information will be answered based on the opinion of the student about expectations and experiences in the program. This will facilitate the improvement of the program to reflect current market experiences and skills needed for management students. Unit 5 assignments involve a comparison of the two organizations on various business aspects, mainly organizational strategic management processes, design, culture and management styles (Charles Hill, 2012). The data required for this assignment will be obtained through a survey of the two organizations. The analysis will enhance the learners strategic planning and implementation skills in different companies in a dynamic

Three Steps To Start a New Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Three Steps To Start a New Business - Term Paper Example During times such as this, small starts up businesses are advantaged because the opportunities in a recession are numerous (Bradberry, 2011). However, first step entrepreneurs should follow three steps. These are creating the business identity, registering the business, and funding the enterprise. The first step involves refining the business idea. While most entrepreneurs are stuck in wondering how to begin, simply thinking of opening a business is the beginning. What entrepreneurs must contend with is that there will always be challenges in starting a business (Ready, 2011). In order to be successful at this point, the entrepreneur must define the concept of their business. The entrepreneur will have to make a decision on the form of business they will create. This can be a limited company, a partnership, or a sole-proprietorship, the simplest of which is sole-proprietorship. At this point, do what you know. Think about your past actions in terms of the way you can transform them i nto products and services. There are three main aspects here. One should emulate what others have done, do what feels best for one’s situation, and aim to solve a common problem. In addition, the business plan needs to be worked on in its entirety at this point. This will help the entrepreneur in gaining confidence, focus, and clarity (Butler, 2008). In a sole entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur will have personal liability for the business’ debt, although he/she will earn all the profit. Sole proprietorship is relatively inexpensive with low formation costs, as well as not having to file accounts or have them audited by government-accredited agencies (Butler, 2008). If an individual is in business with another entrepreneur, then the individuals can form a partnership. In this case, both will be jointly liable for debts accrued as partners. Taxation is done separately for each partner; while this form of business owners can have limited liability for the purpose of debt s. Partnerships also have more formal structures as compared to a sole proprietorship. These must be registered with the relevant government agency. They could also decide to form an LLC, in which case their liability is limited to how many shares the individual entrepreneur has bought. This is the most expensive with registration and account costs, taxable profits, and separate taxation for each of the entrepreneur’s dividends and salary (Butler, 2008). After giving an identity to the business, he/she wants to start, the entrepreneur should then move on to the regulatory and legal requirements that they require to fulfill. First, they must register with a government agency for the purposes of the national insurance, tax, and their PAYE payments (Broad, 2012). In addition, the entrepreneur will need to get a VAT registration PIN. With regards to VAT, the government has various schemes for different entrepreneurs. If one chooses to be part of a partnership, then he or she will have to outsource to an accounting organization. This is important for protection of each partner in case of liability claims. These accountants are trained and certified with professional qualifications in public accounts. The choice of accounting firm will be important in relation to the nature of the business since every accounting firm has a unique way of member